THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION Flashcards
why did globalization studies emerge?
- The emergence of a globalized economy involving new systems of production, finance, and consumption and worldwide economic integration.
- New transnational or global cultural
patterns, practices, and flows, and the
idea of ‘global cultures. - Global political processes, the rise of new
transnational institutions, and
concomitantly, the spread of global
governance and authority structures of
diverse sorts. - The unprecedented multidirectional
movement of peoples around the world
involving new patterns of transnational
migration, identities and communities. - New social hierarchies, forms of
inequality, and relations of domination
around the world and in the global
system as a whole
what are the two broad categories of research in globalization
studying specific problems or issues as they relate to globalization
studying the concept of globalization itself
what is the first theory about the history of globalization
It is a process that has been going on since the dawn of history, hence a 5,000–10,000 year time frame.
what is the second theory about the history of globalization
It is a process coterminous with the spread and development of capitalism and modernity, hence a 500 year frame.
what is the third theory about the history of globalization
It is a recent phenomenon associated with such processes of post-industrialization, postmodernization, or the restructuring of capitalism, hence a 20–30 year frame.
views globalization not as a recent phenomenon but as virtually synonymous with the birth and spread of world capitalism, c. 1500.
world system theory
who is the proponent of the world system theory
Immanuel Wallerstein
the powerful and developed centers of the
the system, originally comprised of Western Europe and later expanded to include North America and Japan.
core
regions that have been forcibly subordinated to the core through colonialism or other means, and in the formative years of the capitalist world, the system would include Latin America, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.
periphery
comprised of those states and regions that were previously in the core and are moving down in this
hierarchy, or those that were previously in the periphery and are moving up.
semi-periphery
- this theory sees globalization as a novel stage in the evolving system of world capitalism
- they believe that TNPs (transnational practices) emerged in globalization
theories of global capitalism
what are the 3 levels of TNPs
the economic
the political
the cultural
level whose agent is transnational capital
the economic
level whose agent is a transnational capitalist class (TCC)
the political
level whose agent is cultural elites
the cultural-ideological
brings together several social groups who see their own interests in an expanding global capitalist system
TCC (transnational capitalist)
according to Robinson (2003, 2004), what are the three planks involved in the theory of global capitalism
transnational production
transnational capitalists
transnational state
this is the transition from a world economy to a
global economy
epochal shift
a loose network comprised of supranational political and economic institutions together with national state
apparatuses that have been penetrated and
transformed by transnational forces
transnational state (tns)
it is not the logic of the capitalist development but that of technological change that is seen to exercise underlying causal determination in the myriad of processes referred to as globalization.
the network society
he is one of the proponents of the network society
he claimes that it is not the logic of capitalist development but that of technological change
that is seen to exercise underlying causal
determination in the myriad of processes
referred to as globalization.
Manuel Castell
globalization represents a ???
new age of information
what two analytically separate processes came together in the latter decades of the twentieth century to result in the rise of the network society
- informationalism
- new economy
what are the characteristics of the new economy
- informational (knowledge-based)
- global (production is organized on a global scale)
- networked (productivity is generated through global networks of interaction)
this is an ‘economy with the capacity to work as a unit in real time, or to choose time, on a planetary scale’, and involving global financial markets, the globalization of trade, the spread of international production networks, and the selective globalization of science and technology
global economy
this is the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events ‘the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events
time-space distanciation
is the process whereby time is reorganized in such a way as to reduce the constraints of space, and vice-versa
time-space compression
he stated that time-space compression is the process whereby time is reorganized in such a way as to reduce the constraints of space, and vice-versa
david harvey
ideas about home, locality and community have been extensively spread around the world in recent years, so that the local has been globalized, and the stress upon
the significance of the local or the communal can be viewed as one ingredient of the overall globalization process
glocalization
globalization is the outcome of the completion of modernization
late modernity
this theory states that globalization represents the
universalization of modernity
modernity, postmodernity, and globalizations
what does globalization involve in the modernity, postmodernity, and globalizations theory
- universalization of the nation-state as the political form
- the universalization of the capitalist system of commodity production
- a Foucaultian surveillance by the modern state
- the centralization of control of the means of violence within an industrialized military order (Giddens)
where does the universal political form organize
on the four axes of capitalism, industrialism, surveillance, and military power
in the theory of modernity, postmodernity, and globalizations, globalization is seen as what?
the spread and ultimate universalization of sets of modern values, practices and institutions through ‘isomorphic’ processes that operate on a global scale.
The growth of supranational institutional networks and of universal modern norms of organization bring about ___________
world society
modernity, postmodernity, and globalizations theory po ito under:
according to albrow (1997), what is the defining feature of globalization?
Transition from modern to postmodern society
globalization signals the end of the _________ and the dawn of a new historic epoch, the ____________ (albrow)
modern age
global age
refers to the rise of new communities and the formation of new social identities and relations that cannot be defined through the traditional reference point of nation-states
transnationality
encompassing a wide variety of transformative processes, practices and developments that take place simultaneously at a local and global level.
refer to the activities of immigrants to forge and sustain multistranded social relations that link their societies of origin and settlement as a single unified field of social action
transnationalism
are the multiple ties and interactions –
economic, political, social, and cultural
that link people, communities, and
institutions across the borders of nation-states
transnational processes and practices
what are the types of interactions that occur in transnational processes and practices
economic
political
social
cultural
an awareness of the world as a single place
global consciousness
see a global cultural convergence and would tend to
highlight the rise of world beat, world cuisines, world tourism, uniform consumption patterns, and
cosmopolitanism
homogenization theories
see a continued cultural difference and highlight local cultural autonomy, cultural resistance to homogenization, cultural clashes and polarization, and distinct subjective experiences of globalization
heterogeneity approaches
stresses new and constantly evolving cultural forms and identities produced by manifold transnational
processes and the fusion of distinct cultural processes
hybridization
refers to sociocultural processes by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant came to
dominate more and more sectors of US and later world society
McDonaldization
culturally meaningful institutions, sites, and practices locally controlled and rich in indigenous content –‘something’ –are being replaced by (corporate-driven)
uniform social forms devoid of distinctive substance –‘nothing’.
globalization of nothing
“TCC or transnational capitalist class brings together several social groups who see their own interests in an expanding global capitalist system: the executives of transnational corporations; ‘globalizing bureaucrats,
politicians, and professionals’, and ‘consumerist elites’ in the media and the commercial sector”
Sklair, 2000
Who advanced a related theory of global capitalism involving three planks:
transnational production,
transnational capitalists and a transnational state
Robinson (2003, 2004)
Globalization is seen as the spread and ultimate universalization of sets of modern values, practices and institutions through ‘isomorphic’ processes that operate on a global scale. The growth of supranational institutional networks and of universal modern norms of organization bring about what they refer to as ‘world society’
Boli and Thomas, 1999; Meyer et al. 1997
- Stated that the transition from modern to postmodern society is the defining feature of globalization. A new ‘global age’ has come to supersede the age of modernity
- argues that globalization signals the end of the ‘modern age’ and the dawn of a new historic epoch, the ‘global age’.
Albrow 1997
Who wrote the “Theories of Globalization”
William I. Robinson
