Theories of Acids and Bases Flashcards
i hate this
List the properties of acids
Sour taste, change color of plant dyes, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, react with carbonates to release carbon dioxide, and conduct electricity in aqueous solutions
List the properties of bases
Bitter taste, slippery feel, change color of plant dyes, and conduct electricity in aqueous solutions
Define an Arrhenius acid
A species that increases the concentration of H⁺ in aqueous solution
Define an Arrhenius base
A species that increases the concentration of OH⁻ in aqueous solution
What distinguishes strong acids from weak acids?
Strong acids completely ionize in aqueous solution, while weak acids ionize only slightly
What does the double arrow in weak acid dissociation indicate?
A reversible reaction where the acid can both dissociate and re-form from its ions
Define a strong base
A base that completely ionizes in aqueous solution
Define a weak base
A base that ionizes only slightly in aqueous solution
Define a Bronsted acid
A proton (H⁺) donor
Define a Bronsted base
A proton (H⁺) acceptor
What is a conjugate acid-base pair?
An acid and its conjugate base, or a base and its conjugate acid, differing by one proton
Describe the acid-base properties of water
Water can act as both an acid and a base, undergoing auto-ionization to form H₃O⁺ and OH⁻
What is the relationship between the strength of an acid and its conjugate base?
A strong acid has an extremely weak conjugate base, and vice versa
A strong acid has an extremely weak conjugate base, and vice versa
Strong acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (HNO₃).
Weak acids: Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH), Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)
Name two strong alkalis and two weak alkalis
Strong alkalis: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂).
Weak alkalis: Ammonia (NH₃), Amines
