Acids and Bases Flashcards
These are the basics bitch
What are acids, neutral substances, and alkalis?
Acids are substances with pH < 7, neutral substances have pH = 7, and alkalis are bases that dissolve in water with pH > 7
What is an indicator?
A chemical that changes color in acidic, alkaline, or neutral solutions
Name four common indicators
Red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange
What are some properties of acids?
Acids taste sour, are soluble in water, conduct electricity, are corrosive, and react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas
What are some properties of bases?
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, are often soluble in water (alkalis), conduct electricity, and are corrosive
Differentiate between concentrated and diluted acids/alkalis
concentrated acids/alkalis have a large amount of pure acid/alkali dissolved in water, while diluted acids/alkalis have a smaller amount
What color does red litmus paper turn in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions?
Acidic: Red, Neutral: Red, Alkaline: Blue
What color does blue litmus paper turn in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions?
Acidic: Red, Neutral: Blue, Alkaline: Blue
What are the color changes for phenolphthalein in different pH conditions?
Acidic: Colorless, Neutral: Colorless, Alkaline: Pink
How does methyl orange behave in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions?
Acidic: Red, Neutral: Orange, Alkaline: Yellow
What does the pH scale measure?
The pH scale measures a solution’s acidity or alkalinity, ranging from 0-14
Categorize pH ranges for acids, neutral substances, and alkalis
pH 0-2: Strong acid
pH 3-6: Weak acid
pH 7: Neutral
pH 8-11: Weak alkali
pH 12-14: Strong alkali
What are universal indicators, and how are they used?
Universal indicators change to a range of colors depending on the solution’s pH and come in paper or solution form
