Covalent Bonds and Solubility

Question 1

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 1

Covalent bonds occur between two non-metals, where electrons are shared​

Question 2

Differentiate between a lone pair and a bond pair

Answer 2

A lone pair is a pair of electrons not shared between atoms, while a bond pair is shared​

Question 3

How many covalent bonds and lone pairs can a Group 16 element form?

Answer 3

Two covalent bonds and two lone pairs​

Question 4

What are the types of covalent bonds?

Answer 4

Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple, depending on the number of electrons shared

Question 5

How are covalent compounds named?

Answer 5

Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms, and the second element’s name ends with “ide”

Question 6

Provide the prefixes for naming covalent compounds for 1, 2, and 3 atoms

Answer 6

Mono (1), Di (2), Tri (3)​

Question 7

When is the prefix “mono” used?

Answer 7

Only for the second element in the compound name​

Question 8

Define solubility

Answer 8

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent

Question 9

What are solute and solvent in a solution?

Answer 9

Solute: Found in smaller amounts.
Solvent: Found in larger amounts​

Question 10

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 10

A solution where the solvent is water, and the solute is a solid or liquid​

Question 11

What happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water?

Answer 11

The solid’s ions are released into the solution​

Question 12

What is the NASA 117 rule for soluble compounds?

Answer 12

Nitrate, Ammonium, Sulfate (exceptions: Ca, Ba, Pb, Ag), Acetate, Group 1 elements, and Group 17 elements (exceptions: Hg, Ag, Pb)​

Question 13

What is the COPS rule for insoluble compounds?

Answer 13

Carbonate, Hydroxide, Phosphate, and Sulfide (exceptions when bonded to Group 1 elements or specific ions like ammonium)​