Theories, hypothesis, pathways and models Flashcards
Maturational imbalance model
Increased risktaking is a result of imbalanc between reward sensitivity and impulse control
BAS-BIS model
Individual differences in behavioral responses to cues for reward. Influences whether an individual is likely to withdraw or engage in risky behaviors
Frontostriatal model of adolescent decision making
Describes potential for imbalance in motivational bottum-up vs controlling top-down process
Law of effect
Actions that have a beneficial effect will be repeated in the same situation under the same conditions. Risk behavior and addiction will be repeated when the consequence is beneficial
Diathesis stress model
The diathesis-stress model posits that psychological disorders result from an interaction between inherent vulnerability and environmental stressors. Genetic vulnerability is the genotype, stress is the enviroment (e.g. smoking).
Family based linkage studies
Genetic marker transmissions in two+ generations
Dual systems/process model/maturational imbalance model
Risk taking results from temporary imbalance between subcortical socioemotional system (responsive to emotion, reward and novelty) and prefrontal cognitive control systeem (reflective, decision making)
Negative pathway affect regulation
Pathway is associated with late onset, greater tendency to get addicted in solitary context and predilection for alcohol, sedatives and analgestics
Poor response inhibition pathway
Posits that individuals with high levels of impulsivity are more inclined to engage in deviant behaviors
Social deviance model and psychological dysregulation theory
Gaan uit van impulsivity as key voor problems
Reward pathway to addiction
Individuals who score high on sensation seeking will engage in addictive behaviors motivated by their positive reinforcement properties or the enhance positive feelings/emotions
Social environmental hypothesis
Contact with peers who used drugs predicted an increased risk of using them
Stable co-occurring hypothesis
Adolescents with simultaneously symptomatology in development are at increased risk for substance use because of disturbances in executive functioning and impairment in social adaption
Externalizing pathway
Promotes adolescents substance use, characterized by marked deficits in behavioral inhibition
Dual failure hypothesis
Externalizing problems in early adolescence may lead to later co-occurring symptoms resulting from peer rejection and alientation from parents. Together increases the risk of peer group affiliation that promotes substances.
