4 - The role of parents in the prevention of risk behaviour and addiction (L4, Ryan, Koning) Flashcards
Why are parents important? (Q)
??? Adolescents’ risk behavior may depend on the type of parenting style their parents maintain. And also if parents drink e.g. a lot of alcohol, adolescents will model this.
Which parenting strategies are relevant in the understanding of adolescents’ risk behavior? (Q)
- Autoritairian: much control, little suport
- Authoritative: much control, much suport
- Neglectful: little control, little suport
- Persmissive: little control, much suport
Which parenting strategies seem to be effective in preventing adolescents’ alcohol use? (Q)
- Permissive group (children), drink the most and keep drinking the most
- Authoritative kids drink the least
- Strict rules are important!
What is the role of self-control when investigating the influence of parents on adolescents’ alcohol use? (Q)
Lower level of self control starts to drink earlier and more amounts
* Higher level in strict rules -> increase self control -> lower the levels of drinking
Definition Maturity gap (HC)
Adolescents may experience the maturity gap if they mature biologically early but do not receive recognition from their environment as adults. A possible explanation for the growth of delinquency in adolescence.
What are three different kinds of parenting? (HC)
- General parenting: parenting behavior in general (e.g. communication, talking to your kid).
- Behavior-specific parenting: parenting behavior that really relate to a type of behavior such as drinking alcohol.
- Parental modeling: kids model their parents
Which theories fit the general, behavior-specific and modeling parenting? (HC)
- General: ecological model Bronfenbrenner and self-determination theory Ryan & Deci
- Behavior-specific: parental mediation theorie Clark
- Modeling: social learning theory Bandura
Definition Parenting practices (HC)
Practices that shape the understanding of actions, behaviours and rules, parents exert to regulate the personal and social acts of the child (Ryan et al., 2015).
What are two important things in socialization? (HC)
- Its a two-way street (bi directional)
- Changes over time (dynamic process)
What is behavior-specific parenting and what is it usually about? (HC)
Explicit acts that parents engage in to discourage or prevent their offspring’s smoking or drinking behavior. Related to one type of behavior.
* Rules about … (e.g. alcohol)
* Frequency of communication about…
* Quality of communication about…
Why is socialization and self control important by adolescents? (HC)
Kids need limits in order to develop their internal self control
For kids to optimally develop, they need limits in order to develop their internal self control.
What is the effect of higher level in strict rules about alcohol use? (HC)
Higher level in strict rules -> increase self control -> lower the levels of drinking (this is mediation)
What is a common moderator for alcohol use, rules about alcohol and self control? (HC)
Quality of communication. This is the indirect influence of parenting (only indirect effect on high quality!!)
What happens on alcohol use when there is a low quality of communication between parent and adolescent? (HC)
They know how to stop drinking, but perhaps they are not motivated to stop. Bc of the rules they may feel that the parents don’t understand them or perhaps their parents set these rules, make it too strict, and they found it all out by their self
What is a direct way parents can influence their child? (HC)
Via modeling.
Which group of adolescents is drinking at an earlier age when you look at parents and their consume of alcohol? (HC)
When mother drinks occasionally, and father heavy.
What does research say about parents who drink on a daily basis? (HC)
Drinking on a daily basis didn’t show that kids started drinking earlier or heavier.
Vul aan (HC). Heavy drinking has a stronger effect on alcohol use on:
- Boys
- Youth in lower levels of education
- Youth with tolerant parents
Is general parenting or internet specific parenting more important for digital (social media) use? (HC)
General parenting. While for alcohol use is this the other way around.
What is important in behavior (internet) specific parenting? (HC)
- Internet-specific rules: rules and regulations at home, set up in advance. E.g. to what extent are you allowed to keep your smartphone with you while having dinner?
- Reactive mediation: parents try to interfere in the ongoing behavior/situation, trying to stop the ongoing behavior. E.g. how often do your parents tell you that you have 5 min. time left on a device?
- Frequency of communication: e.g. how often do you talk with your parents about what you are doing online?
- Quality of communication: e.g. when I talk with my parents about internet use, I feel understood
When is it especially effective to set rules as a parent? (HC)
Setting rules as a parent, is only effective when your child has not developed addictive symptoms, because then it is to late.
What does research about emotional intelligence and mobile use by the parent say? (HC)
Children whose parents used their mobile device more frequently in the presence of their child had lower emotional intelligence, and parents who engage in emotional mediation around their childs media use reported higher EI levels in their children.
Vul aan (HC). Parents who use / look at their phone while interaction with their child are less:
- Sensitive
- Responsive (verbal and non-verbal)
- Report a lower level of emotional intelligence (Nabi & Wolfers, 2022)
What does alcohol-specific parenting mean? (Koning)
Parents exert significant influence on their child’s drinking behavior by the way they raise them with respect to the use of alcohol.
