theories and concepts Flashcards
Info about the Americans with Disabilities Act
- made in 1990
- goes beyond agencies that receive federal funds
- establishes a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability
- can’t charge extra for accommodations
- need to give qualified individuals with disabilities equal opportunity
- require accessibility and accommodations in public settings
The Rehabilitation Act, Section 504
- made in 1973
- first civil-rights statute for persons with disabilities
- broad anti-discrimination
- provides specifications for accessibility requirements
Education for all handicapped children act
- made in 1975
- free and appropriate public education in a a least restrictive environment
- require IEP
- Education can include recreation
Architectural barriers act
- made in 1968
- any building built with federal funds bust be accessible for the the physically handicapped
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA
Recently updated in 2004
- United states federal law that governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services.
- address the educational needs of children with disabilities from 0 to 18 or 21
- students must be provided a free appropriate public education that prepares them for further education, employment and independent living, IEP, and least restrictive environment
Older American act
made in 1965
- develop new or improved programs to help older persons through government funds
- improved access services
- first federal initiative aimed at providing comprehensive services for older adults
1996 welfare reform
- transferred welfare programs from federal to states
- no money provided for job training, job development, or childcare
- 13 million people affected
- can only be on welfare for 5 years
Omnibus Budget reconciliation act
- 1987
- requires clients in a nursing home to be engaged in programs
Psycho-analytic theory
engaging in play to reduce anxiety
Catharsis theory
use of play to release repressed thoughts, feelings, and emotions
an outlet for aggression
diversion theory
to amuse themselves
compensation theory
to play/recreate to fulfill needs not met at work
Surplus energy
to get rid of excess energy
perspective play therapy
used to treat specific symptoms or behavior problems
filial play therapy
child-centered, includes training parents and then observing and providing feedback
Theraplay
aim to improve attachment-increase child’s trust and self-esteem
cognitive behavioral paly therapy
make behavioral changes by learning new strategies and receiving support
Play in a hospitalized child’s life
Play is the primary means through which the child communicates, copes with stress, learns about the environment and masters new situations
- provides normalcy
- emotional adjustment and support
- socialization
- independence
- creative expression
- learning and mastery
- diversion
Expanders
altered their leisure patterns by the addition of new activities throughout the life course
contractors
learned and became committed to most of their outdoor recreation activities before 21
activity theory
asserts that people will be happiest and most fulfilled in direct proportion to how much activity they are able to maintain
disengagement throy
as the end of life draws near, people will voluntarily disengage from others and from their former activity pattern and society’s withdrawal from them will in turn leave them in peace and happiness
continuity theory
those activities and relationships that have been cultivated and maintained over a long period in peoples lives are most likely to contribute to well-being and a sense of integrity
steps to inclusion
1- address individual needs
2- identify source of funds
3- identify support staff-close to same age
4- provide training
Leisure ability model
- client oriented approach to TR
- maximum control by specialist –> minimum control by specialist
What are the four steps of the Leisure ability model
1- assessment
2- functional intervention/treatment
3- leisure education
4- recreation participation
Health improvement/Promotion Model
the purpose of TR is to enable the client to recover following a threat to health and to achieve optimal health
- Stability tendency lessens as a client gains optimal health and moves towards actualization
- based on humanistic approach
