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NCTRC Study Guide > Diagnostic Groupings > Flashcards

Diagnostic Groupings Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four disability categories?

A

cognitive
physical–least amount of prejudice and stronger advocacy groups
intellectual
psychiatric–last to receive government services or benefits

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2
Q

Examples of cognitive impairments?

A

developmental disability
prader-willi syndrome
head injuries
learning disabilities

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3
Q

basic info on developmental disabilities

A

IQ <70
Symptoms: low frustration level short attention span, social immaturity, unable to function independently, poor judgement, delays in motor, language, and self-care
usually onset occurs before 18

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4
Q

TR treatments given to people with developmental disabilities

A

offer choices
inclusion
mainstreaming
age appropriate activities
promote high success activities to boost self esteem
simplify adapt and repeat movements and activities

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5
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome info

A

congenital disease

often results in obesity, reduced muscle tone, reduced mental ability, and sex organs are stunted.

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6
Q

TR treatments for traumatic brain injury

A

utilize social skills, need for socialization, community reintegration, build independence, physical development and well being, develop support systems, ameliorate depression and loss of independence through creative arts and social events.

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7
Q

What is Traumatic brain injury and what are the symptoms?

A

an injury to the brain caused by an external force. Often leads to coma, confusion, disorientation, mood swings, and aphasia

Cognitive impairments–attention deficit, can’t plan
Physical impairments–aphasia, apraxia, ataxia, and perceptual deficits
Social-emotional impairments–impulsivity, depression, lowered inhibition

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8
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Difficulty understanding and expressing speech

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9
Q

what is apraxia?

A

inability to perform previously learned movements on command

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10
Q

what is ataxia

A

lack of balance, coordination, ability to walk.

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11
Q

Examples of learning disabilities

A

dyslexia

ADHD and ADD

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12
Q

TR treatments for learning disabilities

A

provide choice, challenge, and age appropriate activities which are structured for success

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13
Q

Spina bifida

A

Defective closure of spinal canal causing protrusion of spinal cord
can cause paralysis and have emotional impact

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14
Q

what is myelomeningocele spina bifida?

A

an out pouching of the spinal cord through the back of the bony vertebral column that has failed to form

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15
Q

what is meningocele spina bifida

A

an out pouching consisting of only the coverings of the spinal cord and not the cord itself

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16
Q

What is spina bifida occulta

A

the failure of the back arch formation

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17
Q

TR treatments for spina bifida

A

wheelchair activities, utilize and promote independence, leisure education, community reintegration, exercises to strengthen muscles.

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18
Q

What is muscular distrophy?

A

progressive inherited disease, gradual wasting of muscle tissue
can lead to wheelchair us, and cause social impaired interactions

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19
Q

What is pseudohypertrophy muscular dystrophy

A

enlargement of fatty infiltration that causes contractures and deformities of joints

happens by 12 years old

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20
Q

What is facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?

A

weakness in upper arms, shoulders, angled forward and lack of facial ability

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21
Q

what is limb girdle muscular dystrophy

A

late childhood to middle age, weakness of proximal muscles of the pelvic and shoulder girdles

22
Q

TR treatments for muscular dystrophy

A

maintain muscle tone. promote movement, accomplishment, exercise, aquatics, assistive devices, and promote creativity through crafts

23
Q

What is a spinal cord injury and what are the three types of damage?

A

the higher up the injury occurs the greater the damage
includes loss of sensation below the injury

3 types: Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar/sacral

24
Q

What happens in a cervical spinal cord injury

A

injury occurs in the neck area
can affect the arms legs and the middle of the body
symptoms may occur on one or both sides of the body
symptoms can also include breathing difficulties from paralysis of the breathing muscles if the injury is high up in the neck

25
Q

What happens in a thoracic spinal cord injury?

A

injury occurs at the chest level
Can affect the legs
injuries to the high thoracic may also result in blood pressure problems, abnormal sweating and trouble maintaining normal body temperature

26
Q

What happens in a lumbar/sacral spinal cord injury

A

occur at the lower back level

can affect one or both legs as well as the muscles that control the bowels and bladder

27
Q

What is multiple Sclerosis?

A

onset usually occurs between 20-40
Symptoms: muscle spasms, loss of sensation, bladder control
physical and emotional changes

28
Q

TR treatment for MS

A

Social activities, success-oriented, range of motion

29
Q

What is Cerebral palsy

A

brain paralysis
neuromuscular disorder
Speech disturbance and stiffness
non-progressive–not degenerative

30
Q

TR treatments for cerebral palsy

A

relaxation, water aerobics, social activities, increase self-confidence

31
Q

TR treatment for epilepsy

A

seizures

encourage normalization, reduce stress, reduce fears and stigma, relaxation, community activities, increase locus of control

32
Q

what is a grand mal seizure

A

aka tonic-clonic

features a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions

33
Q

What is a petit mal seizure

A

commonly given to a staring spell, most commonly call an absence seizure. it is a brief usually less than 15 seconds disturbance of brain function due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain

34
Q

What is Huntington’s Chorea

A

neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and psychiatric problems

typically becomes noticeable in mid adult life
most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements called chorea

35
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

affect the neuromuscular systems resulting in cerebral tissue degeneration, severe disability and death
a disorder of the brain that leads to shaking and difficulty with walking movement and coordination

36
Q

Guillain Barre syndrome

A

a serious disorder that occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks part of the nervous system
this leads to the nerve inflammation that causes muscle weakness and other symptoms

37
Q

visual disorders

A

legally blind must be 20/200, most are over 55
2-5% read braille
%5 completely blind
others see shadows and movement

38
Q

TR Treatment for visual disorders

A

talking books, encourage other senses, orientation, environmental cues, movement, aquatics, dance, large print books, bright colors

39
Q

Hearing loss

A

have minimal noise, lighing is important, have them face you, close-up interactions

40
Q

TR treatment for hearing loss

A

use of other senses, emphasize lip movements and hand gestures, adaptive activities and encourage sign language.

41
Q

What is aphasia

A

in impairment of language ability

having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write.

42
Q

What is expressive aphasia

A

loss of the ability to produce language spoken or written

43
Q

What is receptive aphasia

A

can speak with normal grammar syntax rat intonation and stress but they are unable to understand language in its written or spoken form

44
Q

Global aphasia

A

cannot speak or understand

45
Q

TR treatments for stroke

A

improving strength, endurance and ROM, adjusting to visual neglect, preventing contractures and spasticity

46
Q

Left CVA

A

stroke impacting the right hemi
affects the right side, speech, and may cause aphasia
impaired emotions social interactions poor memory difficulty with spoken language and written communication

47
Q

Right CVA

A

stroke impacting the left hemi

loss of perceptual and intellectual functioning, logic, visual and spatial depth, difficulty in perceiving around the

48
Q

What is echolalia

A

the automatic repetition of vocalization made by another person

49
Q

what is echopraxia

A

the automatic repetition of movements made by another person

50
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

lou gherig disease

a muscular disease in adults that leads to death

51
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

unable to obtain adequate level output
right side = legs swelling
left side = fluid in lungs
hypertension leads to heart attack

52
Q

Four functional levels of CHF

A

1- experience no limits; generally exhibit no symptoms with ordinary activity
2- experience slight limitations comfortable at rest, some symptoms with ordinary activities
3= experience marked limitations comfortable at rest ordinary symptoms with less the activity
4- experience discomfort with almost any activity may perform sedentary activities

NCTRC Study Guide (7 decks)

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