Diagnostic Groupings Flashcards
what are the four disability categories?
cognitive
physical–least amount of prejudice and stronger advocacy groups
intellectual
psychiatric–last to receive government services or benefits
Examples of cognitive impairments?
developmental disability
prader-willi syndrome
head injuries
learning disabilities
basic info on developmental disabilities
IQ <70
Symptoms: low frustration level short attention span, social immaturity, unable to function independently, poor judgement, delays in motor, language, and self-care
usually onset occurs before 18
TR treatments given to people with developmental disabilities
offer choices
inclusion
mainstreaming
age appropriate activities
promote high success activities to boost self esteem
simplify adapt and repeat movements and activities
Prader-Willi syndrome info
congenital disease
often results in obesity, reduced muscle tone, reduced mental ability, and sex organs are stunted.
TR treatments for traumatic brain injury
utilize social skills, need for socialization, community reintegration, build independence, physical development and well being, develop support systems, ameliorate depression and loss of independence through creative arts and social events.
What is Traumatic brain injury and what are the symptoms?
an injury to the brain caused by an external force. Often leads to coma, confusion, disorientation, mood swings, and aphasia
Cognitive impairments–attention deficit, can’t plan
Physical impairments–aphasia, apraxia, ataxia, and perceptual deficits
Social-emotional impairments–impulsivity, depression, lowered inhibition
What is aphasia?
Difficulty understanding and expressing speech
what is apraxia?
inability to perform previously learned movements on command
what is ataxia
lack of balance, coordination, ability to walk.
Examples of learning disabilities
dyslexia
ADHD and ADD
TR treatments for learning disabilities
provide choice, challenge, and age appropriate activities which are structured for success
Spina bifida
Defective closure of spinal canal causing protrusion of spinal cord
can cause paralysis and have emotional impact
what is myelomeningocele spina bifida?
an out pouching of the spinal cord through the back of the bony vertebral column that has failed to form
what is meningocele spina bifida
an out pouching consisting of only the coverings of the spinal cord and not the cord itself
What is spina bifida occulta
the failure of the back arch formation
TR treatments for spina bifida
wheelchair activities, utilize and promote independence, leisure education, community reintegration, exercises to strengthen muscles.
What is muscular distrophy?
progressive inherited disease, gradual wasting of muscle tissue
can lead to wheelchair us, and cause social impaired interactions
What is pseudohypertrophy muscular dystrophy
enlargement of fatty infiltration that causes contractures and deformities of joints
happens by 12 years old
What is facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?
weakness in upper arms, shoulders, angled forward and lack of facial ability
what is limb girdle muscular dystrophy
late childhood to middle age, weakness of proximal muscles of the pelvic and shoulder girdles
TR treatments for muscular dystrophy
maintain muscle tone. promote movement, accomplishment, exercise, aquatics, assistive devices, and promote creativity through crafts
What is a spinal cord injury and what are the three types of damage?
the higher up the injury occurs the greater the damage
includes loss of sensation below the injury
3 types: Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar/sacral
What happens in a cervical spinal cord injury
injury occurs in the neck area
can affect the arms legs and the middle of the body
symptoms may occur on one or both sides of the body
symptoms can also include breathing difficulties from paralysis of the breathing muscles if the injury is high up in the neck
What happens in a thoracic spinal cord injury?
injury occurs at the chest level
Can affect the legs
injuries to the high thoracic may also result in blood pressure problems, abnormal sweating and trouble maintaining normal body temperature
What happens in a lumbar/sacral spinal cord injury
occur at the lower back level
can affect one or both legs as well as the muscles that control the bowels and bladder
What is multiple Sclerosis?
onset usually occurs between 20-40
Symptoms: muscle spasms, loss of sensation, bladder control
physical and emotional changes
TR treatment for MS
Social activities, success-oriented, range of motion
What is Cerebral palsy
brain paralysis
neuromuscular disorder
Speech disturbance and stiffness
non-progressive–not degenerative
TR treatments for cerebral palsy
relaxation, water aerobics, social activities, increase self-confidence
TR treatment for epilepsy
seizures
encourage normalization, reduce stress, reduce fears and stigma, relaxation, community activities, increase locus of control
what is a grand mal seizure
aka tonic-clonic
features a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions
What is a petit mal seizure
commonly given to a staring spell, most commonly call an absence seizure. it is a brief usually less than 15 seconds disturbance of brain function due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain
What is Huntington’s Chorea
neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and psychiatric problems
typically becomes noticeable in mid adult life
most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements called chorea
Parkinson’s disease
affect the neuromuscular systems resulting in cerebral tissue degeneration, severe disability and death
a disorder of the brain that leads to shaking and difficulty with walking movement and coordination
Guillain Barre syndrome
a serious disorder that occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks part of the nervous system
this leads to the nerve inflammation that causes muscle weakness and other symptoms
visual disorders
legally blind must be 20/200, most are over 55
2-5% read braille
%5 completely blind
others see shadows and movement
TR Treatment for visual disorders
talking books, encourage other senses, orientation, environmental cues, movement, aquatics, dance, large print books, bright colors
Hearing loss
have minimal noise, lighing is important, have them face you, close-up interactions
TR treatment for hearing loss
use of other senses, emphasize lip movements and hand gestures, adaptive activities and encourage sign language.
What is aphasia
in impairment of language ability
having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write.
What is expressive aphasia
loss of the ability to produce language spoken or written
What is receptive aphasia
can speak with normal grammar syntax rat intonation and stress but they are unable to understand language in its written or spoken form
Global aphasia
cannot speak or understand
TR treatments for stroke
improving strength, endurance and ROM, adjusting to visual neglect, preventing contractures and spasticity
Left CVA
stroke impacting the right hemi
affects the right side, speech, and may cause aphasia
impaired emotions social interactions poor memory difficulty with spoken language and written communication
Right CVA
stroke impacting the left hemi
loss of perceptual and intellectual functioning, logic, visual and spatial depth, difficulty in perceiving around the
What is echolalia
the automatic repetition of vocalization made by another person
what is echopraxia
the automatic repetition of movements made by another person
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
lou gherig disease
a muscular disease in adults that leads to death
Congestive heart failure
unable to obtain adequate level output
right side = legs swelling
left side = fluid in lungs
hypertension leads to heart attack
Four functional levels of CHF
1- experience no limits; generally exhibit no symptoms with ordinary activity
2- experience slight limitations comfortable at rest, some symptoms with ordinary activities
3= experience marked limitations comfortable at rest ordinary symptoms with less the activity
4- experience discomfort with almost any activity may perform sedentary activities
