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Media Studies > Theories > Flashcards

Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What are Roland Barthes’ 5 Narrative Codes?

A
  • Hermeneutic Code
  • Proairetic Code
  • Semantic Code
  • Symbolic Code
  • Cultural Code
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2
Q

What is the Hermeneutic Code?

Roland Barthes

A

Any element in a story that is not explained, leaving the reader asking questions and trying to figure things out

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3
Q

What is the Proaiertic Code?

Roland Barthes

A

Building interest or suspense, such as a fight sequence

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4
Q

What is the Semantic Code?

Roland Barthes

A

Any element that suggests a particular meaning by way of connotation

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5
Q

What is the Symbolic Code?

Roland Barthes

A

Elements that have a broader and deeper meaning

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6
Q

What is the Cultural Code?

Roland Barthes

A

Elements alluding to concepts and ideas outside of the text that the viewer will be aware of
(References)

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7
Q

What is Steve Neale’s Genre Theory?

A

Genres are dominated by repetition but marked by difference/variation

Repetition - Common genre features that the audience can recognise and identify

Difference - Texts offer slight variations to the genre to keep the audience engaged

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8
Q

What theories did Staurt Hall create?

A

Represenation Theory
Reception Theory

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9
Q

What is the Representation Theory?

Stuart Hall

A

Argues there will never be a true representation of anything as there can never be one true meaning

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10
Q

What is Reception Theory?

Stuart Hall

A

Suggests that the meaning of a text changes depending on the audience as everyone interprets things in their own way

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11
Q

What is Todorov’s Narrative Theory?

A

The idea that all stories are structured in the same way, with 5 elements

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12
Q

According to the Narrative Theory, what are the 5 stages of a narrative?

Todorov

A
  • Equilibrium
  • Disruption
  • Recognition
  • Resolution
  • New Equilibrium
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13
Q

What is Strauss’ Binary Opposition theory?

A

He belived binary oppositions formed the basic structure of all human cultures
- Used to create conflict
- Opposing forces drive naratives forward
- Constructs meaning and ideological positioning

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14
Q

What is Baudrillard’s Postmoderinsim theory?

A

The idea that simulations of reality have replaced the real
- When products acknowledge their own artificiality

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15
Q

What is pastiche?
(Baudrillard - Postmodernism)

A

When a media product pays homage to another media product through intertexual references

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16
Q

The Male Gaze - Laura Mulvey
(1975)

A

Media is constructed from a male perspective due to patriarchal dominance

17
Q

How are women seen through the male gaze?

Laura Mulvey

A

Seen as objects to be desired

18
Q

What are the three perspectives of the male gaze?

Laura Mulvey

A
  • The gaze of the camera
  • The gaze of the male characters
  • The gaze of the audience (often assumed to be male)
19
Q

Gender Fluidity/Gender as Performance - Judith Butler

A
  • Gender is more changeable than the binaries, they can be subverted or redefined
  • Gender is a social construct
20
Q

Feminist Media Theory - Lisbet van Zooner

A
  • Media often reinforces traditional gender roles
  • Gender is not inherently biological
  • Gender is influences by cultural norms and media representations
  • Women are often objectified
21
Q

Cultivation Theory - George Gerbner

A
  • Consuming media contrivutes to construsting our identity
  • Shapes our perceptions of reality
  • The powerful set the narrative and in essence control our values
22
Q

What is Mean World Syndrome?
(Cultivation Theory)

George Gerbner

A
  • Heavy TV viewers are more likely to believe the world is more dangerous and violent than it actually is
  • Media can cultivate fear and mistrust.
23
Q

What are the 3 different readings in Stuart Hall’s Reception theory?

A
  • Dominant reading (fully agree with intended meaning)
  • Oppositional reading (disagree with intended meaning)
  • Negotiated reading (partly agrees)
24
Q

What is Daniel Chandler’s CAGE of identity?

A

Class, Age, Gender, Ethnicity

25
Q

Post-Colonial Theory - Paul Gilroy

A
  • Looking at the world after colonisation
  • ‘Otherness’
26
Q

What is post-colonial melancholia?

Paul Gilroy

A
  • A state of grief, loss, and attachment to the colonial past that continues to shape identities and cultures in postcolonial societies
  • A complex reaction to the trauma of colonization, where societies struggle with unresolved emotional connections to their colonial history
27
Q

Symbolic Annihalation - George Gerbner

A

How media representations can render certain groups invisible or portray them in distorted, stereotypical, or negative ways, effectively diminishing their social importance or value in the eyes of the public

28
Q

What is diaspora?

A

Communities of people who have settled in various parts of the world but maintain connections to their original culture, identity, and homeland

Media Studies (8 decks)

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