Theories

Question 1

Mind is made up of faculties like reasoning, memory, imagination, etc. These faculties are independent of each other and can be developed by training.

Answer 1

Faculty Theory (18th-19th century)

Question 2

Intelligence is due to one general factor.

Answer 2

Uni-factor Theory by Alfred Binet

Question 3

Specialized and Generalized Factors.

Answer 3

Two Factor Theory by Charles Spearman

Question 4

Which factor in the two factor theory (given by?) is learned and acquired from the environment? Which is universal and inborn? Used everyday or some activities?
Which one predicts greater success and yields higher IQ score

Answer 4

Charles Spearman
S Factor is acquired, used for specific activities and G Factor is universal/inborn, used in everyday activities AS WELL AS SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES.
For eg. chess=G+S1, art=G+S2
More G more success and higher IQ score

Question 5

In two factor theory (given by?), which factor varies from activity to activity in an individual whereas which factor remains constant in the individual? Elaborate with the help of activities like chess, music and art.

Answer 5

Charles Spearman
In the same individual, G factor remains constant whereas S factor differs from activity to activity. Individual A has G factor, so his/her performance in chess will be S1+G, in art S2+G and music S3+G

Question 6

Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Theory
Which one is analogous to working memory, which one to LTM

Answer 6

Raymond Cattell (1971)
Fluid: Working Memory
Crystallized: LTM

Question 7

People who tend to score high on fluid intelligence also tend to score high on crystallized intelligence (vice-versa). T/F

Answer 7

Moderate positive correlation

Question 8

Which theory stated that there is nothing like general innate ability. According to this theory, intelligence is said to be constituted of a multitude of separate factors or elements.

Answer 8

Multi Factor Theory/ Atomistic Theory by Edward Thorndike

Question 9

According to which theory intelligence is made up of three mutually independent abilities like social, mathematical/concrete and abstract.

Answer 9

Multifactor theory/Atomistic Theory by Thorndike

Question 10

4 attributes of intelligence: level (difficulty), range (no. of tasks), area (total no. of situations at each level to which one must respond), speed.
Which theory? Hint: aka Atomistic Theory

Answer 10

Multifactor Theory by Thorndike

Question 11

Name the 7 primary mental abilities and its proponent.

Answer 11

Louis Thurstone
Verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, numerical ability, general reasoning, spatial aptitude, speed of perception, associative memory

Question 12

Name the dimensions of the 3D model given in the structure of intellect. Also give proponent.

Answer 12

Jay Paul Guilford
Content, Operation, Product
Intelligence is performing an operation on a specific type of content to produce a particular product.
CxOxP
4x5x6=120
5x5x6=150 (1967)
5x6x6=180 (1988)

Question 13

Content in Guilford’s Structure of Intellect

Answer 13

5: Visual, Auditory, Symbolic, Semantic, Behavioral

Question 14

Operations in Guilford’s Structure of Intellect

Answer 14

6: Cognition, Memory Retention, Memory Recording, Divergent Production, Convergent Production and Evaluation

Question 15

Products in Guilford’s Structure of Intellect

Answer 15

6: Units, Classes, Relation, Systems, Transformation, Implication

Question 16

Hierarchical Group Theory of Structure of Cognitive Abilities. Given by? Inspired by?

Answer 16

Philip Ewart Vernon
Inspired by Charles Spearman’s Two Factor Theory

Question 17

Who put forth that genetic factors influence intelligence (60%) as well as environmental factors. Stated that racial groups differ in average levels of mental ability. Gave a hierarchical model of cognitive abilities.

Answer 17

P.E. Vernon

Question 18

Hierarchical model by PE Vernon.
G Factors>Major Group Factors (2)>Minor Group Factors (3)>Specific Factors
List.

Answer 18

Major Group Factors 1: Verbal Education with 3 Minor Group Factors: Creative Abilities, Verbal Fluency, Numerical Factors and they have 3 each of specific factors

Major Group Factor 2: Practical Mechanical with 3 Minor Group Factors: Spatial Factors, Psychomotor Factors and Mechanical Information Factors with 3 each of specific factors

Question 19

9 Multiple Intelligences by?

Answer 19

Howard Gardner
linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial-visual, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalist interpersonal, intrapersonal—and argued that existentialist intelligence is a possible ninth form.

Question 20

Triarchic Theory

Answer 20

Robert Sternberg
Analytical, Creative, Practical

Question 21

Intelligence types
A: biological substrate of mental ability (neuroanatomy, physiology)
B: manifestation of A + everything that influences its expression
C: level of performance/psychometric test of cognitive ability (IQ)

Name theory and proponent

Answer 21

Structural Theory by Eyesenck

Question 22

Name the 3 correlates of intelligence given in Eyesenck’s structural theory of intelligence.

Answer 22

Reaction Time & Inspection Time (both of which are observed behaviors)
Average Evoked Potential which is reflected by mental waves (wavelength of of electroencephalogram)
Waves of intelligent people is different

Question 23

A) Potentiality of organism to learn and adapt to environment
B) Ability a person shows in behavior eg. cleverness, efficiency, thinking

Theory given by? Which type is genetic and which one is due to interplay b/w genetic potentiality and environmental stimulation?

Answer 23

Hebb’s Theory
A) genetic
B) genetic + environmental influences

Question 24

Intelligence is a general factor that runs through all types of performances. The level is different.
Name proponent and levels.

Answer 24

Jensen’s Theory
Level 1(Associative Theory)
STM, rote learning, attention, simple associative skills
Level 2(Cognitive Learning)
Abstract, conceptual, symbolic

Question 25

Level 1 (Associative Learning)
Level 2 (Cognitive Learning)
Which on is equally distributed and which one is seen more in middle class Anglo Americans as compared to lower class Black populations
According to?

Answer 25

According to Jensen’s theory
Level 1: Equally Distributed
Level 2: More in Middle Class Anglo American than lower class black people

Question 26

According to Jensen, environmental factors are more important than genetic factors in intelligence. Races, nationality, etc. doesn’t even matter. T/F. Why?

Answer 26

False. Genetic differences exist in intelligence (races, nationality, social classes, etc. are pretty relevant) and are more important than environmental factors.
Conducted twin studies also.

Question 27

Emotional Intelligence. 4 Abilities

Answer 27

Daniel Goleman
Self awareness, self management, social awareness, relationship management

Question 28

Cognitive processing framework with brain functions as building blocks. PASS Model. Arrange in order and give brain structures associated with it.

Answer 28

Das & Naglieri
Unit 1: Attention & Arousal (Thalamus & Brain Stem)
Unit 2: Simultaneous & Successive (Occipital & Parietal)
Unit 3: Planning (Prefrontal Cortex)

Question 29

Who studied first born IQ advantage wrt everchanging intellectual environment of family?
Name theory.

Answer 29

Confluence Model by Zajonc & Markus

Question 30

IQ of first born in smaller families is higher than IQ of first born in larger families. T/F
Research in which theory, give proponents. Give 2 reasons why.

Answer 30

True. Research by Belmont & Marolla
Confluence Model by Zajonc & Markus
1). They don’t have to share their parents’ attention
2). They’re exposed to more adult language.

Question 31

Children in larger families have lower IQs. Theory, proponent and reason.

Answer 31

As number of kids increase, general intellectual environment becomes less mature (linguistically also)
Confluence Theory by Zajonc & Markus

Question 32

Only children have lower IQs than first borns. Give theory, proponent and reason.

Answer 32

1st borns usually tutor younger ones, leads to increase in verbal ability.
Confluence Theory by Zajonc & Markus

Question 33

Intelligence Test developed in 1904 to identify students with special needs

Answer 33

Binet & Simon

Question 34

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was developed by _____ in 1916.

Answer 34

Terman

Question 35

Out of all theories, which one is the most researched, empirically supported and comprehensive

Answer 35

CHC Theory (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) given by Schneider & McGrew

Question 36

CHC Theory was given by?
Number of abilities

Answer 36

Cattell-Horn-Carroll. Worked upon by Schneider & McGrew
16 Broad Abilities

Question 37

Neuroscience theory of intelligence highlights which parts of the brain

Answer 37

Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT) highlight the role of parietal and frontal brain.
Along with: Posterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, specific subcortical areas, etc.

Question 38

Which memory has been tied with fluid intelligence

Answer 38

Working Memory (contributing to a variety of higher cognitive functions)

Question 39

Capacity, attentional control and ability to retrieve information from LTM are influential in determining individual differences in which types of intelligence? They are components of ______ memory.

Answer 39

Working Memory Components
Fluid Intelligence