Ciccarelli 3/3

Question 1

System for combining symbols (eg. words) so that infinite number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others

Answer 1

Language

Question 2

Innate program with schemas for human language due to which complexities of grammar rules are “wired in”
Name and proponent.

Answer 2

Language Acquisition Device
Noam Chomsky

Question 3

LAD wasn’t supported since research findings revealed no hierarchical development of language comprehension in underlying brain processes. T/F

Answer 3

False.
Hierarchical development of language comprehension in underlying brain processes.

Question 4

Basic units of sound in a language.
Infants are born with the ability to recognize only few such sounds. T/F

Answer 4

Phonemes
F. Infants can recognize all phonemes till 9 months. After which the ability deteriorates and infants recognize only phonemes to which it was exposed.

Question 5

Smallest unit of meaning in a language

Answer 5

Morhpeme

Question 6

System of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences
Rules for determining meaning of words and sentences

Answer 6

Syntax and Semantics

Question 7

Practical aspects of communicating with others

Answer 7

Pragmatics

Question 8

Taking turns while talking, the gestures we use and even intonation fall under?

Answer 8

Pragmatics

Question 9

The stages of language development are different for different cultures. T/F

Answer 9

F
They’re common to all kids, irrespective of culture

Question 10

Kids understand far more than they can produce. This concept is known as and was given by?

Answer 10

Receptive-Productive Lag
Given by- Stevenson

Question 11

Kids who produce vowels at 2 mo are _____ing whereas kids who produce both vowels and consonants at 6 mo are _____ing.

Answer 11

Cooing, babbling

Question 12

Deaf kids decrease babbling by __ month and increase primitive hand signs and gestures.

Answer 12

6 months

Question 13

Which stage of language development is seen at one year?

Answer 13

One Word Speech

Question 14

“Doggy bad”, “mama go”
Whole phrases in one word are known as? They only have words which carry meaning. Seen at which stage and age?

Answer 14

Holophrases at one and half years during Telegraphic Speech Stage.

Question 15

Whole sentences from a kid at which stage?
Enlist all 5 stages with ages

Answer 15

Preschool

1). Cooing (2mo)
2). Babbling (6mo)
3). One word speech (1yo)
4). Telegraphic speech (1.5yo)
5). Whole sentences (preschool)

Question 16

Preschool kids talk to themselves even when playing with other kids. About things which are totally unrelated to the speech of another.
What was this called by Piaget and Vygotsky? It increases or decreases with age? Research corroborates which stance

Answer 16

PIAGET: called it Collective Monologue which was a type of non social, egocentric speech which decreased with time

VYGOTSKY: called it Private Speech which was a way for kids to form thoughts and control actions. It increased with time.

Evidence: Private speech used more by kids (esp bright ones) when learning how to socialize with others or when working on a difficult task.

Question 17

Linguistic term for the way kids plan behavior and organize actions so that goals can be obtained.
Increases/decreases with time?

Answer 17

Private Speech given by Vygotsky
It increases with time

Question 18

According to whom, concepts are pegs upon which language shaped clothes are hung.
Reframe stance which was put forth by?

Answer 18

Thought develops language.
by Piaget

Question 19

Thought processes and concepts withing any culture are determined by the words of the culture.
Name this principle and whom it was given by

Answer 19

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis given by Sapir and Benjamin Whorf.

Question 20

Words people use determines much of the way they think of the world around them. Aka thought shapes language as stated by Piaget. T/F

Answer 20

F.
Language shapes thought.
Supported by Vygotsky, Benjamin Whorf and Sapir

Question 21

Concepts are universal and influence language development. This stance is known as?

Answer 21

Cognitive Universalism

Question 22

Cognitive Universalism supports Linguistic Relativity

Answer 22

F.
Cognitive Universalism contradicts Linguistic Relativity

Question 23

According to research, (Linguistic Relativity/Conceptual Universalism) stands true when it comes to perceptual discrimination whereas (Linguistic Relativity/Conceptual Universalism) stands true when it comes to higher level concepts. Give researches which support it.

Answer 23

Linguistic Relativity: Perceptual Discrimination
Eg. Dani tribe just know two words of colors, but able to identify all.

Conceptual Universalism: Higher level concepts
Eg. Eating habits of animals conveyed. Blackbird being compared to flamingo/bat. Resembled bat, but some kids were told it’s a bird so they matched it with flamingo’s eating habits. Rest didn’t.
This was a higher concept where inferences were made on category membership rather than perceptual similarity

Question 24

Even our reasoning can be impacted by word usage including while making important decisions like how to manage crime. Concept?

Answer 24

Linguistic Relativity

Question 25

Bilinguism hinders cognitive development. T/F

Answer 25

facilitates

Question 26

Having mother’s tongue as medium of instruction ensures better transfer of skills and educational gains. Research by?
Determined by academic/non-academic considerations?

Answer 26

Mohanty
Non-academic such as emotive factors, goals of community and needs

Question 27

India is/was (?) showing a trend of subtractive bilingualism. How?

Answer 27

English domination over local languages. Local languages themselves organized in a hierarchy leading to inequality and marginalization of large number of languages.

Question 28

Not having proficiency in any of the languages being used.

Answer 28

Semi-lingualism

Question 29

Kanzi, the chimp, gained language skills of a two year old child. His brother, 4 year old. T/F

Answer 29

F.
True about only Kanzi.
Otherwise, no animal has reached language development of a 3 year old and no syntax formation has been seen either.

Question 30

More efficient mental set shifting is seen in monolingualists rather than bilingualists.

Answer 30

Bilingualists.

Question 31

Physical exercise has been liked with neurogenesis in which part of the brain.

Answer 31

Hippocampus

Question 32

After exercising consistently for 6 weeks (aerobic exercise), increase myelination of hippocampal neurons was observed and the results were permanent.

Answer 32

Temporary Results,
Went back to pre-exercise levels after discontinuation of aerobic exercise.