Ciccarelli 1/3

Question 1

Information in (STM/LTM) is encoded in the form of sounds and visual images.

Answer 1

STM

Question 2

Representations of objects or events with a picture like quality

Answer 2

Mental images

Question 3

It takes (longer/shorter) to mentally view an image that is larger or covers more distance than a small, more compact one.

Answer 3

Longer

Question 4

Mental activity that goes on in a brain when the person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating that information to others.

Answer 4

Cognition.

Question 5

Link areas of brain with function:
FRONTAL CORTEX, PARIETAL LOBE, OCCIPITAL LOBE, TEMPORAL LOBE
Functions: Cognitive Control, Memory, Attention and Spatial Memory, Visual Processing

Answer 5

Frontal Cortex: Cognitive Control
Parietal Lobe: Attention & Spatial Memory

Temporal Lobe: Memory
Occipital Lobe: Visual Processing

Question 6

Activity in visual cortex is stronger in which case: memory input or sensory input/perception

Answer 6

Sensory input

Question 7

Overlap in brain activity between actual stimulation and mental imaging is stronger in which areas of the brain?
Frontal Cortex, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe

Answer 7

Stronger activity in frontal cortex and parietal lobe than in temporal and occipital lobes

Question 8

Ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, etc.

Answer 8

Concept

Question 9

An example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of the concept

Answer 9

Prototype

Question 10

One major difference between formal and natural concepts

Answer 10

Rigidity
Natural concepts have fuzzy demarcations

Question 11

Mental generalizations about objects, events

Answer 11

Schemas

Question 12

Process of cognition which occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways

Answer 12

Problem Solving

Question 13

Process of cognition that involves identifying, evaluating and choosing among several alternatives

Answer 13

Decision Making

Question 14

Learned set of rules fall under ______ solutions

Answer 14

Rote. Mechanical Solutions

Question 15

Trial and error is a non-mechanical solution. T/F

Answer 15

F

Question 16

Very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems.
Also, a mechanical solution

Answer 16

Algorithm

Question 17

“Rule of thumb” or very simple rule that is intended to apply to many situations.

Answer 17

Heuristics

Question 18

An educated guess based on previous experiences that help narrow down possible solutions for a problem.
Name two associated scientists.

Answer 18

Heuristics
Tversky & Kahneman

Question 19

Which type of heuristic is can be used- misused- to make and sustain stereotypes

Answer 19

Representativeness

Question 20

“Everything is overwhelming until it is broken down”
Which problem solving strategy is this referring to?

Answer 20

Subgoal Decomposition

Question 21

Heuristic which is based on our estimation of frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples

Answer 21

Availability Heuristic

Question 22

Mental Shortcut. Name types especially one which works most of the time

Answer 22

Heuristics.
Types: Representativeness, Availability, Randomness, Affect.
Works most of the time: Working Backwards

Question 23

Persisting with problem solving patterns that have worked in the past

Answer 23

Mental Set

Question 24

Tendency to search for experience which fits with one’s beliefs while ignoring any evidence to the contrary

Answer 24

Confirmation Bias

Question 25

When facing with a very demanding visual task, people lose their ability to detect auditory information. T/F
Why/why not

Answer 25

T
When faced with multiple sources of sensory information, we can actually become overloaded under high-demand situations and experience temporary blindness or deafness due to inattention.

Question 26

Divergent thinking has been attributed to just creativity, not intelligence. T/F
Statement by? 3D model proponent

Answer 26

F.
Guilford

Question 27

Most productive periods of divergent thinking tend to occur during which type of activities or tasks?
Why?

Answer 27

During tasks which are more or less automatic.
The fact that one’s attention isn’t focussed on the problem is beneficial because then links and connections can be made at a level just below conscious awareness so that ideas can flow freely without being censored by the higher processes.

Question 28

Divergent thinkers are (more/less) prone to problem solving barriers such as functional fixedness.

Answer 28

Less prone

Question 29

People who possess the following characteristics are ____
1). Broad range of knowledge, good at using mental imagery
2). More open, aren’t afraid to be different
3). Value independence
4). Often unconventional in work, not otherwise.
Also proves that ____ people are (normal/eccentric)
Study by Csikszentmihalyi (pronunciation?)

Answer 29

Creative. They’re pretty normal.
Csikzentmihalyi (chick-sent-me-HI-e)

Question 29

Brainstorming, keeping a journal, free writing, mind/subject mapping, etc. are ways of?

Answer 29

Becoming more creative