Ciccarelli 1/3 Flashcards
Information in (STM/LTM) is encoded in the form of sounds and visual images.
STM
Representations of objects or events with a picture like quality
Mental images
It takes (longer/shorter) to mentally view an image that is larger or covers more distance than a small, more compact one.
Longer
Mental activity that goes on in a brain when the person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating that information to others.
Cognition.
Link areas of brain with function:
FRONTAL CORTEX, PARIETAL LOBE, OCCIPITAL LOBE, TEMPORAL LOBE
Functions: Cognitive Control, Memory, Attention and Spatial Memory, Visual Processing
Frontal Cortex: Cognitive Control
Parietal Lobe: Attention & Spatial Memory
Temporal Lobe: Memory
Occipital Lobe: Visual Processing
Activity in visual cortex is stronger in which case: memory input or sensory input/perception
Sensory input
Overlap in brain activity between actual stimulation and mental imaging is stronger in which areas of the brain?
Frontal Cortex, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe
Stronger activity in frontal cortex and parietal lobe than in temporal and occipital lobes
Ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, etc.
Concept
An example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of the concept
Prototype
One major difference between formal and natural concepts
Rigidity
Natural concepts have fuzzy demarcations
Mental generalizations about objects, events
Schemas
Process of cognition which occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways
Problem Solving
Process of cognition that involves identifying, evaluating and choosing among several alternatives
Decision Making
Learned set of rules fall under ______ solutions
Rote. Mechanical Solutions
Trial and error is a non-mechanical solution. T/F
F
Very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems.
Also, a mechanical solution
Algorithm
“Rule of thumb” or very simple rule that is intended to apply to many situations.
Heuristics
An educated guess based on previous experiences that help narrow down possible solutions for a problem.
Name two associated scientists.
Heuristics
Tversky & Kahneman
Which type of heuristic is can be used- misused- to make and sustain stereotypes
Representativeness
“Everything is overwhelming until it is broken down”
Which problem solving strategy is this referring to?
Subgoal Decomposition
Heuristic which is based on our estimation of frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples
Availability Heuristic
Mental Shortcut. Name types especially one which works most of the time
Heuristics.
Types: Representativeness, Availability, Randomness, Affect.
Works most of the time: Working Backwards
Persisting with problem solving patterns that have worked in the past
Mental Set
Tendency to search for experience which fits with one’s beliefs while ignoring any evidence to the contrary
Confirmation Bias
When facing with a very demanding visual task, people lose their ability to detect auditory information. T/F
Why/why not
T
When faced with multiple sources of sensory information, we can actually become overloaded under high-demand situations and experience temporary blindness or deafness due to inattention.
Divergent thinking has been attributed to just creativity, not intelligence. T/F
Statement by? 3D model proponent
F.
Guilford
Most productive periods of divergent thinking tend to occur during which type of activities or tasks?
Why?
During tasks which are more or less automatic.
The fact that one’s attention isn’t focussed on the problem is beneficial because then links and connections can be made at a level just below conscious awareness so that ideas can flow freely without being censored by the higher processes.
Divergent thinkers are (more/less) prone to problem solving barriers such as functional fixedness.
Less prone
People who possess the following characteristics are ____
1). Broad range of knowledge, good at using mental imagery
2). More open, aren’t afraid to be different
3). Value independence
4). Often unconventional in work, not otherwise.
Also proves that ____ people are (normal/eccentric)
Study by Csikszentmihalyi (pronunciation?)
Creative. They’re pretty normal.
Csikzentmihalyi (chick-sent-me-HI-e)
Brainstorming, keeping a journal, free writing, mind/subject mapping, etc. are ways of?
Becoming more creative
