Ciccarelli 2/3 Flashcards
Decontextualized cognitive process involving mental operations/ Decontextualized abstract structure of cognitive abilities
Western/Non-Western view?
Intelligence.
Western
Equivocality, non-linearity, uni-dimensionality.
Explain with reference to the concept of intelligence
Equivocality: Ambiguous due to multitude in possible interpretations
Linear model: would imply that intelligence can be measured along a single dimension or scale, and there is a consistent, predictable progression from lower to higher intelligence
Uni-dimensionality: all the various aspects and facets of intelligence are essentially manifestations of a single, overarching factor
Intelligence is same withing people, manifestations differ with individual’s experiences. T/F
Name individual associated
T.
Franz Boas (father of modern anthropology/american anthropology)
Intelligence tests should also measure earlier learning experiences. Why?
Because cross-cultural researches reveal that faring well on an intelligence test depends on their life experiences and exposure.
For example: Comparing two African Tribes, Yoruba tribe members were more rational and logical whereas Nupe tribe was more spatial and temporal
(Nadel)
While reproducing patterns with wire, pencil/paper and clay, Zambian kids performed better with wire rather than pencil/paper since they were more familiar with wire usage rather than pencil/paper. Reverse was seen with British kids. Both performed equally well with clay. (Serpell)
What can be inferred about intelligence tests from this cross-cultural research?
Intelligence tests should also measure earlier learning experiences.
Which view on intelligence argues that conceptualization and manifestation of intelligence differs from culture to culture
Cultural View
Emotional Competence, Cognitive Competencies, Social Competence and Entrepreneurial Characteristics: These are components of (Western/Indian) conceptualizations of intelligence.
Indian
Broad based effective functioning of persons in relation to their multiple contexts refers to _____ perspective of the (Western/Eastern) conceptualizations of intelligence.
Integral Perspective.
Eastern View
Integration, Innovation, Adaptation, Change: Classify Western/Eastern
Integration and Adaptation: Eastern
Change and Innovation: Western
MA/CA x100
Given by?
William Stern
The comparison of mental and chronological ages is a valid measure of intelligence across one’s entire life. T/F
F.
Becomes meaningless after age 16.
1). Fluid Reasoning
2). Working Memory
3). Knowledge
4). Visual-Spatial Processing
5). Quantitative Processing
These items belong to which test: WAIS IV or SB-5
SB-5
Which intelligence test was the first to have specific age group norms? Why the need?
Wechsler.
SB which was initially developed for kids was being used for adults as well
The original SB test and WAIS both had verbal and non-verbal items.
SB originally had just verbal items predominantly whereas WAIS included both verbal and non-verbal items and hence, provided an overall score of intelligence.
1). Verbal Comprehension
2). Processing Speed Index
3). Working Memory Index
4). Perceptual Reasoning Index
These are dimensions of SB-5 or WAIS IV?
WAIS-IV
Extent to which obtained score accurately reflects intended skill/outcome in real-life situations.
Ecological Validity
IQ scores become (more/less) valid as one approaches lower end of IQ range. Provide implications.
Less valid.
Hence, can’t be used for an accurate diagnosis for developmentally delayed individuals. Better measure: level of adaptive functioning and need for external support.
William Stern’s formula vs Normal Curve of intelligence: which one’s a better measure?
NC
The Dove Counterbalance General Intelligence Test was based on African American culture in 1960s-1970s. Give proponent and what it highlighted.
Highlighted language/dialect barrier, hence cultural bias.
Given by Adrian Dove.
How to make a test culturally fair
Use non-verbal items
Eg. RPM
Predictive value of IQ scores (in terms of academic success, job performance, etc.) is (high/low) for (higher/average/lower) scores in the NC of intelligence.
More true for higher/lower
Less clear for average scores
Traumatic brain injury/concussions (3/more) make it 3x more likely for a person to have memory problems
5x more likely to have cognitive impairments (precursor to Alzheimer’s)
Repetitive TBIs are linked with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (progressive brain disease)
wow
Percentage of population developmentally delayed, according to American Psychiatric Association
How many SD below IQ mean does it have to be to qualify as an intellectual disability?
Vast majority have (mild/profound)
One percent
2SDs below
When 1SD=15, Mean=100
Cut off=70 and below
Vast Majority: Mild ID
3 requisites for diagnosis of ID
1) Below 70
2). Adaptive behavior below appropriate level for age
3). Limitations must begin in developmental period
