THEORIES

Question 1

Conflict among information learned earlier or later

Answer 1

Interference Theory

Question 2

a theory of forgetting that states that memories fade over time due to a natural process of decay; Lapse of time.

Answer 2

Decay Theory

Question 3

this theory describes eight distinct bits of intelligence that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different cultures

Answer 3

Multiple Intelligence theory (Howard Gardner)

Question 4

intelligence is viewed as comprising operations, contents and products.

Answer 4

Structure of Intellect Theory (J.P. Guilford)

Question 5

There is an innate biological force causing an organism to act in a certain way.

Answer 5

Instinct theory

Question 6

organisms attempt to maintain homeostasis by constantly adjusting themselves to the demands of the environment

Answer 6

Homeostatic theory

Question 7

states organisms seek to maintain an optimal level varies from organism to organism.

Answer 7

Arousal Theory

Question 8

people and animals are likely to be activated because they have the tendency to pull toward a specific goal.

Answer 8

Incentive Theory

Question 9

This is based on the belief that all behaviors are motivated by unsatisfied needs.

Answer 9

Needs Theory

Question 10

It is the expansion of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. He categorized the needs for Existence , Relatedness , and Growth.

Answer 10

Alderfer’s ERG Theory

Question 11

it is based on Henry Murray’s theory of personality. The 3 most important needs are achievement, affiliation and power

Answer 11

McClelland’s Needs

Question 12

Explained why individuals choose to follow certain courses of action in organizations, particularly in decision-making and leadership.

Answer 12

Expectancy Theory

Question 13

This theory could be explained through the identification of the following dichotomies: Mastery/Performance, Described as individual’s desire to become proficient in a certain topic to the best of his/her ability

Answer 13

Goal Theory

Question 14

Pertains to the perception of people about how they are being treated as compared with others. This involves feelings and perceptions as a comparative process

Answer 14

Adam’s Equity Theory

Question 15

Behavior is learned from conditioning through operations and learning takes place mainly through reinforcements.

Answer 15

Behavioral Theory by Burrhus Skinner

Question 16

Gives significance to reinforcement as a determinant of future behavior, and the importance of psychological factors.

Answer 16

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory.

Question 17

an explanation of performance after we have invested considerable effort and motivation in a task:

Answer 17

Attribution theory

Question 18

refers to the theory that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal.

Answer 18

James-Lange Theory

Question 19

the theory that proposed that emotional feelings and bodily arousal is both organized by the brain

Answer 19

Cannon-Bard Theory

Question 20

The theory assumes that when an individual is aroused; he has a need to interpret his feelings.

Answer 20

Schachter’s Cognitive Theory of Emotion

Question 21

Model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behavior

Answer 21

Behavioral Personality Theory

Question 22

Attempt to learn what traits makeup personality and how they relate to actual behavior.

Answer 22

Trait Theories

Question 23

Focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles

Answer 23

Psychodynamic theories

Question 24

Focus on external environment and on effects of conditioning and learning

Answer 24

Behavioristic Theories

Question 25

Attribute differences in perspectives to socialization, expectations, and mental processes

Answer 25

Social Learning Theories

Question 26

Focuses on private, subjective experience and personal growth

Answer 26

Humanistic Theories

Question 27

theories of personality that emphasize cognitive processes such as thinking and judging.

Answer 27

Cognitive theories

Question 28

Emphasized that people have free will and that they play an active role in determining how they behave.

Answer 28

Humanistic theories