THEORIES Flashcards
Conflict among information learned earlier or later
Interference Theory
a theory of forgetting that states that memories fade over time due to a natural process of decay; Lapse of time.
Decay Theory
this theory describes eight distinct bits of intelligence that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different cultures
Multiple Intelligence theory (Howard Gardner)
intelligence is viewed as comprising operations, contents and products.
Structure of Intellect Theory (J.P. Guilford)
There is an innate biological force causing an organism to act in a certain way.
Instinct theory
organisms attempt to maintain homeostasis by constantly adjusting themselves to the demands of the environment
Homeostatic theory
states organisms seek to maintain an optimal level varies from organism to organism.
Arousal Theory
people and animals are likely to be activated because they have the tendency to pull toward a specific goal.
Incentive Theory
This is based on the belief that all behaviors are motivated by unsatisfied needs.
Needs Theory
It is the expansion of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. He categorized the needs for Existence , Relatedness , and Growth.
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
it is based on Henry Murray’s theory of personality. The 3 most important needs are achievement, affiliation and power
McClelland’s Needs
Explained why individuals choose to follow certain courses of action in organizations, particularly in decision-making and leadership.
Expectancy Theory
This theory could be explained through the identification of the following dichotomies: Mastery/Performance, Described as individual’s desire to become proficient in a certain topic to the best of his/her ability
Goal Theory
Pertains to the perception of people about how they are being treated as compared with others. This involves feelings and perceptions as a comparative process
Adam’s Equity Theory
Behavior is learned from conditioning through operations and learning takes place mainly through reinforcements.
Behavioral Theory by Burrhus Skinner
Gives significance to reinforcement as a determinant of future behavior, and the importance of psychological factors.
Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory.
an explanation of performance after we have invested considerable effort and motivation in a task:
Attribution theory
refers to the theory that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal.
James-Lange Theory
the theory that proposed that emotional feelings and bodily arousal is both organized by the brain
Cannon-Bard Theory
The theory assumes that when an individual is aroused; he has a need to interpret his feelings.
Schachter’s Cognitive Theory of Emotion
Model of personality that emphasizes learning and observable behavior
Behavioral Personality Theory
Attempt to learn what traits makeup personality and how they relate to actual behavior.
Trait Theories
Focus on the inner workings of personality, especially internal conflicts and struggles
Psychodynamic theories
Focus on external environment and on effects of conditioning and learning
Behavioristic Theories
Attribute differences in perspectives to socialization, expectations, and mental processes
Social Learning Theories
Focuses on private, subjective experience and personal growth
Humanistic Theories
theories of personality that emphasize cognitive processes such as thinking and judging.
Cognitive theories
Emphasized that people have free will and that they play an active role in determining how they behave.
Humanistic theories
