Emotion and Motivation Flashcards
a need, desire, or want that serves to activate or energize behavior and give it direction.
Motivation
motivations that are willful and we are aware of, thus, we can provide rationale and explanation.
Conscious motivation
motivations that we are not aware of
Unconscious motivation
a person may manifest negative behavior caused by himself.
Internal Locus of Control
The negative behavior to the poor living environment or due to
alcoholism or drug addiction of the parent.
External Locus of Control
There is an innate biological force causing an organism to act in a certain way.
Instinct theory
organisms attempt to maintain homeostasis by constantly adjusting themselves to the demands of the environment
Homeostatic theory
the balance of physical state or equilibrium
homeostasis
one resulting from biological needs, known as the innate drive
Primary drives
drives that result from operant conditioning and the association with primary reinforcements.
Secondary drives
states organisms seek to maintain an optimal level varies from organism to organism.
Arousal Theory
people and animals are likely to be activated because they have the tendency to pull toward a specific goal.
Incentive Theory
needs are prioritized from physiological to biological, social, and to spiritual.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
needs for food, water, oxygen, and rest; also sexual expression and release from tension
Biological needs
need for security, comfort, and tranquility; freedom from fear.
Safety needs
need to belong, affiliate; love, and be loved.
Attachment
need for confidence in one’s abilities, sense of worth, competence, self-esteem; respect for others
Esteem
need for knowledge and understanding, for novelty
Cognition
need for order and beauty.
Aesthetic
need to develop and fulfill one’s potential; to have meaningful goals
Self-Actualization
need for spirituality
Transcendence
the sexual or libidinal and aggressive wishes are the primary motivating forces in human life.
Freudian Concept of Motivation
self-generated factors such as responsibility, freedom to act, scope to use and develop skills and abilities, etc.
Intrisinc
motivations coming from the people around the individual.
Extrinsic
This is based on the belief that all behaviors are motivated by unsatisfied needs.
Needs Theory
It is the expansion of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. He categorized the needs for Existence , Relatedness , and Growth.
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
it is based on Henry Murray’s theory of personality. The 3 most important needs are achievement, affiliation and power
McClelland’s Needs
need for competitive success measured against a personal standard of excellence.
Achievement
need for warm, friendly relationships with others.
Affiliation
need to control and influence others.
Power
States the function of motivators and hygiene factors.
Herzberg’s Two-factor Model
factors that really motivate people
Motivators
factors are dissatisfiers
Hygiene
Explained why individuals choose to follow certain courses of action in organizations, particularly in decision-making and leadership.
Expectancy Theory
This theory could be explained through the identification of the following dichotomies: Mastery/Performance, Described as individual’s desire to become proficient in a certain topic to the best of his/her ability
Goal Theory
Pertains to the perception of people about how they are being treated as compared with others. This involves feelings and perceptions as a comparative process
Adam’s Equity Theory
fairness people feel they are rewarded.
Distributive
perception of employees about fairness of company procedures.
Procedural
Behavior is learned from conditioning through operations and learning takes place mainly through reinforcements.
Behavioral Theory by Burrhus Skinner
Gives significance of reinforcement as a determinant of future behavior, importance of psychological factors.
Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory.
an explanation of performance after we have invested considerable effort and motivation in a task:
Attribution theory
Essential for the survival of man for its existence.
Physiological Motives
Essential for man to function appropriately as a human being.
Physcological Motives
Enhance the individual’s self-concept.
Ego-Integrative Motives
privileges and praises
Incentives motivate learning
allies and peer groups with same interests; strong motivators
affiliation and approval
a distinct feeling or quality of consciousness, such as joy or sadness.
Emotion
Is a feeling that is private and subjective.
Human Emotion
creates emotion
the mind
determines what people feel about
Culture
shows primary and secondary emotions
the body
refers to the theory that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal.
James-Lange Theory
the theory that proposed that emotional feelings and bodily arousal is both organized by the brain
Cannon-Bard Theory
The theory assumes that when an individual is aroused; he has a need to interpret his feelings.
Schachter’s Cognitive Theory of Emotion
it is a strong feeling of displeasure which usually goes with antagonism
Anger
this is an unpleasant and often strong emotion caused by anticipation or awareness of danger
Fear
affected with or expressive of grief and unhappiness
Sadness
the passion or emotion excited by acquisition and expectation of something pleasurable or good
Joy
marked aversion aroused by something highly distasteful
Disgust
inquisitive Interest in other’s concerns which usually leads to inquiry
Curiosity/Interest
taking of unawareness
Suprise
agreeing either expressly or by conduct to the act
Acceptance
Combination of primary emotions to yield more complex emotion in different situation
Mixed Emotions
can help increase your health; improve one’s self concept
Positive attitude
used in order to communicate and influence others; organize and motivate action; can be self validating
Emotions
