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Abnormal Psych: Exam 1 > Theoretical Models: Psychological > Flashcards

Theoretical Models: Psychological Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A
  • Freud
  • assumes unconscious causes and behavior
  • must be brought into consciousness
  • Consciousness is the tip of the iceberg
  • id, ego, superego
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2
Q

Id

A
  • unconscious

- pleasure: food, sex, aggression, attention; what i want when i want it; strongest part of personality

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3
Q

superego

A

-morality, keeps the id in check

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4
Q

ego

A
  • balances the id and superego
  • the reality check
  • uses defense mechanisms to deal with the conflict between and id and superego
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5
Q

Ego Defense Mechanisms

A
  • displacement
  • fixation
  • projection
  • rationalization
  • reaction formation
  • regression
  • repression
  • sublimation
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6
Q

Displacement

A

-discharging pent up feelings, often of hostility, on objects less dangerous than those arousing the feelings

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7
Q

Fixation

A
  • attaching oneself in an unreasonable or exaggerated way to some person
  • or arresting emotional development on a childhood or adolescent level
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8
Q

Projection

A

-attributing one’s unacceptable motives or characteristics to others

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9
Q

Rationalization

A

-using contrived explanations to conceal or disguise unworthy motives for one’s behavior

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10
Q

Reaction Formation

A

-preventing the awareness or expression of unacceptable desires by an exaggerated adoption of seemingly opposite behavior

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11
Q

Regression

A

-retreating to an earlier developmental level involving less mature behavior and responsibility

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12
Q

Repression

A

-preventing painful or dangerous thoughts from entering consciousness

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13
Q

Sublimation

A

-channeling frustrated sexual energy into substitutive activities

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14
Q

Freud also focused on the importance of

A
  • successful resolution of the Oedipus/Electra Complex

- appropriate gratification at each psycosexual stage of development

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15
Q

Newer Psychodynamic Theories

A
  • Ego Psychology
  • Object Relations Theory
  • Interpersonal Perspective
  • Attachment Theory
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16
Q

Ego Psychology

A

malfunctioning ego –>
does not adequately control or delay gratification –>
Or does not make adequate use of defense mechanisms –> psychopathology

17
Q

Object Relations Theory

A
  • relationships with real and imagined (internalized representations of) others
  • incorporates aspects of objects (people) into personality - ex harsh father is incorporated into a self-critical child
  • borderline personality disorder: inability to incorporate others and therefore to define themselves –> personality is unstable –> see others as “all good” one moment and “all bad” the next
18
Q

Interpersonal Perspective

A
  • focus on problematic relationships

- pathology develops from unfortunate tendencies we have developed while dealing with others

19
Q

Attachment Theory

A
  • focus on early attachment relationships

- need to form secure attachment to primary caregiver to lay foundation for later functioning

20
Q

Pyschosocial Perspectives attempt to understand humans. ..

A

not just as biological organisms, but also as people with motives, desires, and perceptions

21
Q

3 major and 2 minor psychosocial perspectives

A

Major:

  1. Psychodynamic
  2. Behavioral
  3. Cognitive-behavioral

Minor:

  1. Humanistic
  2. Existential
22
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A
  • observable behaviors only
  • study what you can see and measure
  • study behaviors, actions
23
Q

Learning

A
  • what has taught someone to behave this way?
    1. classical conditioning
    2. instrumental conditioning
    3. observational learning
24
Q

Classical Conditioning

A
  • Pavlov
  • US –> UR
  • US + CS –> UR
  • UR = CR
  • CS –> CR
  • can be conditioned to fear something –> phobias
25
Q

Instrumental Conditioning

A
  • responses followed by reinforcement
  • reinforcement strengthens responses –> more likely to occur again
  • responses not followed by reinforcement –> weakened, unlikely to occur again
  • ex: baby smiles (response) –> baby is hugged (reinforcement) –> baby smiles more often
26
Q

Observational Learning

A

=monkey see, monkey do
=can learn maladaptive responses this way
-see an adult display aggression, the child learns to display aggression as well

27
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Perspective

A
  • focuses on how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions or behavior
  • people use schemas
28
Q

Schema

A
  • an underlying representation of knowledge that guides the current processing of information
  • leads to distortions in attention, memory, and comprehension
  • people develop different schemas depending on temperament, abilities, and experiences
29
Q

Self-schemas

A
  • our views on who we are, what we might become, and what is important to us
  • our notion of the various roles we occupy in society such as “women”, “student”, and “friend”
30
Q

Comparing the Models/Viewpoints:

Ex: a person drinks alcohol excessively

A

Psychodynamic: he’s drinking as a defense mechanism to reduce unconscious conflicts
Behavioral: he has learned the wrong behaviors for reducing stress
Cognitive-Behavioral: he is thinking about his problems the wrong way and irrationally believes alcohol will fix them

31
Q

Psychological Risk Factors

A
  • unpredictable and uncontrollable events
  • early deprivation or trauma
  • marital discord or divorce
  • maladaptive peer relationships
  • inadequate parenting styles
32
Q

Parenting Styles

A
  1. Authoritarian
  2. Authoritative
  3. Uninvolved
  4. Permissive
33
Q

Authoritarian Parenting Style

A
  • high behavioral control, demandingness
  • low responsiveness, warmth, supportiveness
  • controlling, lots of rules
  • kids show moodiness, aggression
34
Q

Authoritative Parenting Style

A
  • high on behavioral control, demandingness
  • high on responsiveness, warmth, supportiveness
  • guidelines, standards, the best parenting style
35
Q

Uninvolved Parenting Style

A
  • low on behavioral control, demandingness
  • low on responsiveness, warmth, supportiveness
  • not paying attention to kid
  • kids have moodiness, no self esteem
36
Q

Permissive Parenting Style

A
  • low on behavioral control, demandingness
  • high on responsiveness, warmth, supportiveness
  • overinvolved, appeasement, indulgent
  • kid grows up to be too demanding, self centered

Abnormal Psych: Exam 1 (9 decks)

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