Theoretical Explanations Flashcards
Milliband - Marxist
Media is the new opium of the people
Institutions act like a drug to numb the senses and produce an illusion of happiness that is not real
Media takes the proletariats attention away from exploitation and oppression of the capitalist system and allows the ruling class to control and dominate them
Bagdikin - Marxist
Nate’s that in 1983 , 50 corporations controlled the vast majority of all news media in the USS but by 2004 media ownership was concentrated in 7 corporations
Curran - Marxist
Press bar and we’re quite open about their propagandist role , reflects them serving the interests of their wealthy owners
Example - Rupert Murdoch - politicians clearly bribes media moguls to have a great deal of control over media content because they try to get on the right side of them
Doyal - Marxist
Suggests the examination of ownership and control patterns is important for two reasons :
All points of view need to be heard if society is to be truly democratic
Abuses of power and influences by elites need to be monitored by a free media
The Sutton Trust - Neo Marxism
Journalists and broadcasters tend to be white , middle class and male and more than 50% attended private school - Cristal of over representation - promotes ruling - class norms , values and ideologies
Gilroy - Neo Marxism
Argues that black crime , particularly in the 1970s was a form of political resistance against the repressive racist state - the media created a folk devil surrounding black peoples which generated deviancy amplification
Hall - Neo Marxism
Three key stereotypes of black people in the media - natives , entertainers and slaves - reflects unconscious racism
Constructed by those in control of the media meaning it does not challenge their dominant views
The Glasgow media group - Noe Marxism
Media presentations of differ t social groups including working class - issues such as worker strikes and industrial action
Representation of immigrants and asylum seekers - stereotypes in a negative way
Sensationalised and inaccurate media presentations of different social groups , legitimise and justify political action
Whale - pluralism
What we see in the press/ news is determined by its readers / audiences
Williams - pluralism
Journalists are vital in a democratic society as they provide the general public with the information required to participate in political and cultural life
The two - step flow model - Pluralism
Can be seen to support the pluralist view of media representation me - the key argument being that people decide whether they choose to accept media represent of social groups
Halloran - Pluralism
Claims that audiences are able to manipulate the media as they has the plural views of society
Curran and Gurevitch - Pluralism
States that audience are therefore capable of conforming and accepting these representations, or rejecting them
Mulvey - liberal feminism
Male gaze - semiology
Rear window - close ups and Choice of costume
Vertigo - watched by males , pressure to look good
Transformers
Lauzen - liberal feminist
Only 16% of all directors , executive producers, producers, writers , cinematographers and editors- 2% decrease since 2012
Tunstall - Radical feminism
Ignores the fact that the majority of British women work - emphasised their domestic, sexual , consumer and marital activities
Tuchman - Radical feminism
Symbolic annihilation- only represented in a passive/ hegemonic way
Wolf - Radical feminism
Beauty myth - women fell pressure to conform to the male images of what a women should look like
Beechy - Marxist feminist
Women are part of the reserve army of labour
Whelehan - recent feminist
FHM , Maxim and Loaded claimed that these magi zones override the message of feminism - promoted a laddish culture
McRobbie - Recent feminist
States that generally magazines do have an impact on the identity of their readers - discourse of Western enlighten values
McLuhan - postmodernism
Global village - new pattern of communication and social interactions
Globalisation has had a direct impact on media representations
Everybody lives in the upmost proximity created by our electric involvement in one another’s lives
Strinati - postmodernism
Media saturation - media plays a significant role whilst people are constructing their identities due to people being connected with devices and devices on a daily basis erosion of identity
Baudrillard - postmodernism
Media saturation has altered reality - negative impact on society
Media saturation has made it incredibly difficult for people to distinguish what is reality and what is fiction
Engulfed by communication
Turkle - postmodernism
Alone together
Watson - postmodernism
Social media has created a decline in the sense of community. People are no longer interested in building relationships in the real world
