Direct Effects

Question 1

Packward - hypodermic syringe model/ magic billet theory

Answer 1

Illustrating the media is like a syringe that objects it’s messages into the audience
Work was primarily directed at the impact of advertising but others have applied it more broadly

Question 2

Newson - hypodermic syringe model / magic billet theory

Answer 2

Children’s exposure to media violence has a desensitising effect - more likely to commit acts of violence in reality

Question 3

Bandura - hypodermic syringe model/ magic bullet theory

Answer 3

Children can act more aggressively when given the opportunity to do so - Bobo doll

Question 4

Anderson - supporting

Answer 4

Direct effect of music on it audience
A clear pattern of increased aggressive thoughts and feelings of hostility following in from listening to violent song lyrics

Question 5

Hall et al - supporting

Answer 5

Direct effects on sexualised sing lyrics , on young audiences
Billboard Hot 100 - found a significant increase in sexualised content across this era

Question 6

Hardcastle et al - supporting

Answer 6

Direct effect when referencing alcohol - potential impact on young propelled drinking behaviour

Question 7

Fasbach and Singer

Answer 7

Found that screen violence can actually provide a safe outlet for people aggressive tendencies- known as a catharsis - watching an exciting film realises aggressive energy

Question 8

Young - positive

Answer 8

Two responses to viewing violence in the media :
Seeing the effects of violence makes us more aware of the consequences
It can become desensitising