Theme C lecture 9

Question 1

What does low birth weight do to BP?

Answer 1

Low birth weight increases chance of developing hypertension late in life.

Question 2

Which part of the blood vessel respond to vasocinstrictors and vasodilators?

Answer 2

Smooth muscle

Question 3

Which part of the blood vessel produce vasocinstrictors and vasodilators?

Answer 3

endothelial cells

Question 4

What are the cell types that can be influenced by vascular dysfunction?

Answer 4

Smooth muscle

Endothelium

Extracellular matrix

Nerves

Question 5

Where can smooth muscle be found?

Answer 5

In the tunica media layer

Question 6

What is the layer in which the extracellular matrix of blood vessels can be found?

Answer 6

tunica adventitia

Question 7

How do endothelial cells react to vasodilators?

Answer 7

3 pathways to relaxation of blood vessels:

Nitric oxide production (eNOS)

Prostacyclin (PGI2 production)

Ion channels causing hyperpolarisation by opening potassium channels.

Question 8

How does nitric oxide production cause vasodilation?

Answer 8

NO binds to guanylate cyclase which increases cyclic gmp causing vascular smooth muscle to relax.

Question 9

How does PGI2 cause vasodilation?

Answer 9

It converts ATP to cAMP which causes smooth muscle to relax

Question 10

What protein causes PGI2 production?

Answer 10

COX

Question 11

How do ion channels cause smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessels?

Answer 11

Potassium enters vascular smooth muscle making it hyperpolarised and as a result relaxation occurs.

Question 12

Why is production of cAMP and cGMP a cause of vasodilation?

Answer 12

They cause hyperpolarisation and relaxation of blood vessels

Question 13

What is the effect of vessel size on the kind of vasodilators they use?

Answer 13

The bigger the vessel the more reliance on NO and the smaller vessels use all 3 pathways.

Question 14

What effect does small birth weight have on blood flow through blood vessels?

Answer 14

Being born small has negative consequences on blood flow.

Question 15

What happens to acetylcholine response in adults born small?

Answer 15

Response to acetylcholine is impaired in adults born small.

Question 16

What causes the reduced vasodilation effect in adults born small?

Answer 16

A study conducted in 9 year old children used nitroglycerine and nitric oxide to see whether the reduced blood vessel dilation was due to smooth muscle or endothelial tissue. It was discovered that the effect is due to reduced endothelial function

Question 17

What is wire myography?

Answer 17

A technique used to measure the ability of blood vessels to constrict/dilate to a particular drug. It measures both endothelial function and smooth muscle function.

Question 18

What happens to blood pressure of offspring with mothers that have 30% reduction in their diet?

Answer 18

If the mother’s diet is restricted by 30% it has an impact on the blood pressure of their offspring. This effect happens earlier in males than females.

Question 19

What is the effect of birth weight on sensitivity to thromboxane mimetic?

Answer 19

Adults born small are more sensitive to thromboxane mimetic than control.

Question 20

What effect do age and diet restriction have on vascular function?

Answer 20

Diet restrictions alters vascular function in different ways. Age affects these effects differently.

Question 21

What effect does protein restriction in the diet have on vasodilation?

Answer 21

Reduction of protein in the diet impacts on both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.altering their function

Question 22

How does low birth weight cause hypertension via vascular resistance effect?

Answer 22

It causes hypertension by increasing total peripheral resistance in response to the same amount of vasoconstrictor

Question 23

30:47

Answer 23

30:47