Theme B

Question 1

Coastlines are ‘dynamic’. What does that mean?

Answer 1

Dynamic means they can change over time due to wave action(Constructive and destructive waves)

Question 2

What are the two types of waves?

Answer 2

Constructive and destructive

Question 3

What is Swash?

Answer 3

Swash is the water going towards the beach

Question 4

What is Backwash?

Answer 4

Water going to back to the sea

Question 5

Differentiate Constructive and Destructive Waves

Answer 5

Constructive add sediment to the shore and form beaches, Destructive destroy beaches

Question 6

What is a Fetch

Answer 6

Distance of water over which the wind blows

Question 7

Factors which affect the strength of waves

Answer 7

Fetch
Strength of wind
Wind blowing for longer time makes bigger waves

Question 8

Explain attrition

Answer 8

Rocks colling with rocks forming smaller rocks

Question 9

Explain abrasion/corrasion

Answer 9

Rocks rubbing against sea bed

Question 10

Explain Hydraulic action

Answer 10

Force of water wearing away the rock

Question 11

Explain Solution/Corrosion

Answer 11

chemical action of rocks dissolving

Question 12

Explain Constructive waves

Answer 12

Low and far apart
6-9 per minute
common in summer
Strong swash
weak backswash

Question 13

Explain Destructive Waves

Answer 13

High and close together
15 per minute
Common in Winter
String backwash
weak swash

Question 14

Explain Suspension

Answer 14

small fragments of rocks carried along the flow of water

Question 15

Explain Traction

Answer 15

large rocks rolling across river bed

Question 16

Explain Saltation

Answer 16

Large fragments of rocks bouncing across sea bed

Question 17

Explain Solution

Answer 17

Dissolved Particles Carried across the water

Question 18

Explain Longshore Drift

Answer 18

Longshore drift is the** zigzag movement of material along the shore** . It happens when waves approach the beach at an angle due to the angle of the prevailing winds.
The swash carries material up and along the beach in an angle. The backwash carries material back down the beach at right angles. This is the result of gravity.

Question 19

Explain the Formation of Headlands and Bays

Answer 19

When coastlines has areas of harder and softer rock, the soft rock will wear away, leaving hard rock sticking out to the sea. This makes a Headland

Question 20

Explain Wave Cut Platform

Answer 20

Caused when EROSIONAL PROCESSEs OF HYDRAULIC ACTION AND ABRASION erodes a Rocky Headland and creates a WAVE CUT NOTCH.
Overtime the notch get bigger and undercuts the rock forming a overhang and collapses forming a cliff. This process is repeated to create a flat exposed area at the base of the cliff called a Wave Cut Platform. The process repeats

Question 21

Explain CCASS

Answer 21

Large crack is opened up by hydraulic action along the weaker part of the rock from wave action
The Crack grows into a cave by hydraulic action and abrasion
Cave becomes larger and breaks through the headland and forms an arch
When the roof of the arch collapses in leaves a stack, which can be eroded to leave only a stump

Question 22

Explain Sandy Beach

Answer 22

swash=Backwash
Sediment is spread across
Flat

Question 23

Explain Shingle Beaches

Answer 23

Swash>Backwash
Sediment piles up at the top of the beach
Steep

Question 24

Explain Spit

Answer 24

Spit is an extended beach that forms a finger of land sticking out into the sea. It is formed when sediment is carried along by longshore drift and deposited out into the sea where the coastline turns a corner