The Restless Earth Part 2 (19 March Assessment)

Question 1

What are the 4 layers of the earth

Answer 1

Crust
Inner core
outer core
mantle

Question 2

Explain Crust

Answer 2

Made up of tectonic plates
Thinnest layer of the earth

Question 3

What are the two types of crust?

Answer 3

Oceanic
Continental

Question 4

Explain Oceanic Crust

Answer 4

Very dense
thinner

Question 5

Explain continental crust

Answer 5

Less dense
thicker

Question 6

Explain Mantle

Answer 6

Semi-liquid
made up of molten rock

Question 7

Explain Outer core

Answer 7

Semi-liquid
made up of metals such as nickel and ironE

Question 8

Explain Inner core

Answer 8

Made up of melted material,
solid

Question 9

How do plates move?

Answer 9

Convection Currents

Question 10

Explain the steps of Convection Current

Answer 10

1) The magma in the mantle is heated by radioactive decay in the core
2) The heated magma is less dense and therefore rises
3)The magma rises until it meets the crust
4)The magma is forced sidewards dragging the plate with it
5)The magma will cool at the top of the mantle
6)The cool magma is dense and begins to sink back into the mantle
7)The descending magma pulls the crust down with it
8)The cycle continues

Question 11

What is a plate boundary?

Answer 11

Where two plates meet

Question 12

What is an earthquake?

Answer 12

An Earthquake is a shock/series of shock caused by sudden movement of earth

Question 13

What are the causes of earthquakes?

Answer 13

1)Plates slide past each other
2)stick due to friction
3)sudden jerk when pressure exceeds friction
4)releasing seismic waves

Question 14

What plate boundaries to Earthquakes occur at?

Answer 14

Destructive ,conservative and collision

Question 15

What is a focus?

Answer 15

The point of origin of an earthquake in the earth’s crust

Question 16

What is an epicentre?

Answer 16

The point directly above the focus, where the effects are felt first

Question 17

What instrument is used to measure earthquakes

Answer 17

Seismometer

Question 18

What does a richter scale do?

Answer 18

Measure the magnitude of the earthquake

Question 19

Explain Liquefaction

Answer 19

Liquefaction happens when rock or soil containing water is shaken by an earthquake
The water rises to the surface and turns the soil into liquid mud

Question 20

Explain Tsunami

Answer 20

Large wave of seawater caused by an earthquake under the sea

Question 21

Explain a Volcano

Answer 21

Volcanoes are mountains formed by surface eruption of magma from the inside the earth

Question 22

Characteristics of shield volcanoes

Answer 22

low and wide
very runny lava
found in constructive plate margin
can travel a long way before it cools and becomes solid rock
gentle eruption

Question 23

Characteristics of Composite Volcanoes

Answer 23

Found in destructive plate margin
Sticky lava
becomes solid before it travels far
Release layers of ash and hardened lava

Question 24

Example of Shield Volcanoes

Answer 24

Nevado del Ruiz

Question 25

Example of Composite volcanoes

Answer 25

Kīlauea

Question 26

How can a volcanoes be classified as a supervolcanoes

Answer 26

It must erupt atleast 1000km³ of material

Question 27

Explain how a super volcanic eruption takes place

Answer 27

A volcanoes collapses on itself when it erupts and empties the magma chamber
A caldera is formed
Magma and pressure builds up in the chamber over time until ends up in a violent eruption

Question 28

Example of a Supervolcanoe

Answer 28

Yellowstone

Question 29

What are Impacts of Yellowstone’s Eruption ON PEOPLE?

Answer 29

Everyone within 1000km would be killed, approxiametly 90,000 people

30 cm of dry ash could destroy many buildings as far away as LA and Chicago

Water Supplies undrinkable

Question 30

What are the impacts of Yellowstone’s eruption ON THE ENVIRONMENT?

Answer 30

Could reduce the earth’s temperature by 10-12 degrees which could trigger ice age

67 Mammal species in Yellowstone Park likely to die