Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography > Theme A > Flashcards

Theme A Flashcards

1
Q

What does a closed system mean?

A

The Total amount of water on the earth never changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain Drainage Basin

A

A n area of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is a drainage basin open or closed system?

A

Open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the river begin?

A

Source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mouth?

A

Where the river meets the sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the confluence?

A

The point where two rivers meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Watershed

A

Imaginary line that surrounds a drainage basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ground Water Flow

A

Movements of water underground from rocks to river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Throughflow

A

Movement of water downhill from soil to river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Surface Storage

A

Where water is stored in lakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Evapo Transpiration

A

Water evaporating from plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Interception

A

Water being caught and collected and stored by the plant/trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Surface Run Off

A

Water flowing along the surface into the river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Infiltration

A

movement of water from surface to soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Precipitation

A

Where water enters the system (hail,snow,rain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Evaporation

A

Where water leaves the system and goes back to clouds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Soil Storage

A

Water is stored in soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Percolation

A

Water moving from soil to rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

River Discharge

A

Water leaving drainage basin through river

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Impact of deforestation on drainage basin

A

1) Less Interception
2)More water will reach the ground and infiltration will increase
3) The soil will eventually become saturated and infiltration stops
4) Leads to increase in surface run of (floods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why does the total amount of water falling as precipitation never reach the river channel

A

1) Some water is intercepted
2) Some water is evaporated back by evapo- transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Changes from Source to Mouth

A

Gradient
Deep
Width
Discharge
Load

20
Q

Attrition

A

Rocks collide with other rock and break into smaller rounder rocks

21
Q

Abrasion

A

Rocks rubbing against the bed and banks

22
Solution (erosion)
Bed and banks are dissolved by weak acids
23
What does transport mean?
Movement of material accross the river
24
Explain Traction
Materials rolling of the riverbed
25
Explain Saltation
Materials bouncing of the river bed
26
Explain Suspension
Materials carried along the flow of river
27
Explain Solution (Transportation)
Dissolved materials carried in the water
28
Explain the formation of Waterfall
1) River Flows over hard rock and soft rock 2) The soft rock erodes more quickly 3) Leads to a step and eventually form an plungepool( abrasion and hydraulic action) 4) The plungepool undercuts the hard rock and forms an overhang 5) Hard rock will colapse due to gravity 6) Leaves a small steep sided valley called Gorge 7) Process repeats
29
Explain the term Deposition
When river doesnt have enough energy to transport materials so it drops it off
30
What is a meander?
A bend in the river
31
What is a Floodplain
A floodplain is an area of flat land beside a river that holds the water during a flood
32
What are floods
Flood is a temporary excess of water which cover an area of land which are usually dry
33
Examples of Causes of Floods Humans Somerset Level
Urbanisation Imperiable Rocks Not Dredging Rivers
34
Examples of Causes of Floods Physical
Excess Rainfall Thunderstorm
35
Explain One cause of Flooding
One cause of Flooding is Excess Rainfaill. This will increase infiltration EVentually the soil will become saturated and infiltration will stop and more water will reach the surface and will increase surface run off and cause flood
36
Facts and Figures of Somerset Case Study
Urbanisation River not being dredges for 20 years 207 mm of rainfall Extra water was sent from Taunton and Bridgwater Imperiable Bed rock(Made of CLay)
37
Explain Physical causes of Flooding(Somerset)
South England Received 207 mm of rainfall, which is the highest rainfall since records began. This led to the soil being saturated and reduced infiltration which caused more water to reach the surface. This led to an increase in surface run off and caused flooding
38
Explain Human Causes of Flooding(Somerset)
The River Tone and Parrett had not been properly dredged in the past 20 years. This has led to a reduced capacity of the river. Therefore, when there was heavy rainfall, the river couldn't've hold much water and caused flooding Extra water was sent to the river from Taunton and Bridgwater
39
Positive impacts of Flooding on People
Countries such as Bangladesh and Egypt rely on flood to help crops grow
40
Negative Impacts of Flooding on People
Led to people being homeless Impacted the housing market
41
Positive Impacts of Flooding on Environment
In dry areas floods can bring relief from drought
42
Negative impacts of Flooding on Environment
Wiped away habitats Contaminated Water
43
What is Hard Engineering
Strategies to control flooding which disrupt the natural flow of river
44
What is Soft Engineering?
Strategies to control flooding which do not disrupt the natural flow of river
45
Positives and Negatives of Dams
+ Controls water levels - Can flood habitats/ expensive
46
Positives and Negatives of Deeping and Widening the River (Dredging the River)
++ dredging the river( Increases capacity of river which allows it to hold more water when it floods - Expensive
47
Positives and Negatives of Straightening the river
+ it allows the water to flow more quickly and more water can be held - It can just move the flooding problem downstream(sends greater volume of water to the next section of river)
48
Positives and Negatives of Storage areas
+ Removes Excess water from River and Stores it - Expensive to build
49
Positives and Negatives of Afforestation
+ Cheap/ increase interception ( Less surface run off) - Takes a long time to be effective
50
River Mississippi Case Study 6 Facts and Figures
River Mississippi Drains 1/3 of the USA 100 Dams were build on the Ohio River Levees were built 15 high along 3000kms Building has been restricted in floodplain areas such as rock island Many Trees have been planted in Tennessee Valley Meanders were Cut over 1750 km

Geography (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions