Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Russia Edexcel History A Level > Theme 5 (fall) > Flashcards

Theme 5 (fall) Flashcards

1
Q

when did Gorbachev become general secretary

A

March 1985

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Twenty-Seventh party congress

A

February 1986

Gorbachev attacks Brezhnev era as years of stagnation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when was the Chernobyl nuclear incident

A

April 1986

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

twelfth five year plan launched

A

1986

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when were the laws on state enterprises enacted

A

June 1987

Devolves power of factories to the managers. Allowed to set the prices for the goods they produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reason Yeltsin is dismissed as first secretary in Mocscow (November 1987) and then removed from central committee (February 1988)

A

October 1987 -> Yeltsin attacks Gorbachev’s reforms at a meeting of the Central Committee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when was Yeltsin dismissed as first secretary in Moscow

A

November 1987

slagged of Gorbachev 1 month before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

law on co-operatives

A

May 1988

legal to set up large co-operatives that functioned like private companies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was Yeltsin removed from the Politburo

A

February 1988

slagged of Gorbachev in October 1987

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when was the nineteenth party congress?

A

June 1988

Principle of multi-candidate elections agreed –> Congress of People’s deputies March 1989

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when were popular fronts formed in the Baltic republics

A

October 1988

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When did Armenia announce its control over Nagorno-Karabakh

A

November 1988

same month Estonia declares itself sovereign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when was the election to Congress of People’s deputies

A

March 1989

first multi candidate election since 1921

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when was Gorbachev ‘elected’ Chairman of the Supreme Soviet

A

May 1989
Doesn’t mean much, little respect
given emergency powers for 18 months to try and deal with economic crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when was the 500 days Programme put in place?

A

August 1990

Called for rapid transition to a market economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when was the fall of the Berlin Wall?

A

November 1989

symbolic end to Cold War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When was article 6 repealed

A

March 1990

opened the way for new political parties to be established (same month as multi party republic elections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When did Lithuania declare independence from the USSR (illegal)

A

March 1990

After multi candidate republic elections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When did Yeltsin reign from the communist party?

A

July 1990

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when did Georgia declare independence

A

April 1991

same month citizens allowed to buy and sell stocks/shares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when did Yeltsin become president of Russia

A

June 1991

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when was the coup by the gang of 8

A

August 1991

19th - 22nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when did the Soviet Union recognize the Baltic states as independent

A

August 1991

same month as coup by gang of 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when did Yeltsin reject Gorbachev’s new Union Treaty

A

November 1991

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
when was the USSR formally cease to exist
31st December 1991
26
The Novosibirsk Report of 1983 | aka "for internal use only"
by economic sociologist Tatyana Zaslavskaya Drew attention to growing crisis in agriculture caused by state inefficiency and inflexibility Most Politburo members ignored it, except Gorbachev who was aware that reform was needed
27
Gorbachev removes opposition / purge
1985: removes Grigory Romanov (leading rival) appoints Nikolai Ryzhkov (prime minister), Viktor Chebrikov (head of KGB), Boris Yeltsin (head of party in Moscow) 1986: Yeltsin and Yakelov promoted to central comittee
28
alcohol spending in 1980s (stat)
alcohol accounted for 15% of a household's spending
29
Gorbachev quote on excessive alcohol use
April 1985 "we can't build communism on vodka"(many turned up to work drunk)
30
methods & goals of the 12th five year plan (1986-90)
methods: increased investment, controlled by central planning goals: accelerate growth of economy, especially focusing on science and research (mainly engineering)
31
weaknesses of the 12th five year plan
- 'acceleration' paid for this by borrowing - out of date machinery / technology --> unproductive - focus remained on quantity over quality
32
why didn't Gorbachev's policy of acceleration actually help the economy?
Didn't address the fundamental problems that caused issues | Opposition to change from within the state and economic planning apparatus meant real change was hard to make
33
law on individual economic activity
November 1986 | Legal for individuals to make money on small scale jobs
34
when did the supreme soviet introduce private property
January 1991
35
USSR citizens allowed to buy and sell stocks & shares
April 1991
36
government reveals scale of economic problems to the public for first time
1988
37
statistics to show further economic decline in 1991
1990 - 1991 oil production fell 9% tractor and steel production both fell 12% government bankrupt by summer that year
38
Yeltsin introduces programme of full marketisation
October 1991 | neither Soviet or Republican governments had economic power to govern --> difficult to implement
39
Gorbachev goals 1985
- open up debate within party - allow intellectuals freedom of expression - allow public to have access to information
40
when was Glasnost introduced
1986 policy of openness information about economics and soviet history made available
41
Gorbachev changes to media (more radical)
1986 appoints Alexandr Yakovklev for the responsible for Soviet media he appointed radical editors
42
soviet press publicise criticisms of Marx and Lenin for first time
1988
43
when were citizens permitted to listen to foreign radio broadcasts and read foreign newspapers
1988
44
first multi candidate election since 1921
march 1989 many high ranking officials defeated Yeltsin wins 89% in Moscow Lead to the reformation of Inter-Regional Deputies' Group (IDRG) -> opposition group
45
republic elections (multi group)
march 1990 Opposition group 'Democratic Russia' wins 85% in Moscow Opposition group 'Democratic Elections 90' wins 80% in Leningrad
46
riots in Kazakstan
December 1986 riots over replacing ethnic kazak Kunaev with Russian Kolbin as president of Kazakstan (KKK. early because Gorbachev made changes early)
47
ethnic clashes in Uzbekistan
1989 Uzbeks massacre Muslim minority Soviet authorities unable to restore peace or negotiate compromise
48
Tbilsi massacre
April 1989 (1 month after first multi candidate elections) Georgian nationalists protest against rights of Abkhazian minority Soviet troops attempt to restore order by force - 19 Georgian protestors killed, thousands more injured
49
'Sinatra Doctrine'
August 1989 | Renounces USSR's "right" to intervene in the affairs of other socialist countries
50
Yeltsin insists laws of Russian parliament are legally superior to Soviet laws
May 1990
51
Estonia declares itself sovereign (does not leave USSR)
November 1988 | same month Armenia announced control over Nagorno-Karabakh
52
invasion of Lithuania
Lithuania declared independence in March 1990. | January 1991 soviet troops invade Lithuania: occupy the press and television headquarters, 19 killed
53
response to killings in Lithuania
- Ukrainian miners in Donesk protest | - Yeltsin orders Russian army to refuse any soviet order that would suppress political protest
54
'Gang of 8' coup
1991 | 18th - 21st August
55
new treaty to create a more decentralised union
Suggested by Gorbachev in 1990 Complete draft ready July 1991 Meant to be signed August 1991 (caused coup)
56
Yeltsin removed communist party in Russia
suspends it August 1991 | bans it November 1991
57
Ukraine leaves USSR
1st December 1991 90% Ukrainian population vote to leave (2nd biggest state in USSR)
58
Minsk agreement
signed 21st December 1991 | Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine leave USSR and form the Commonwealth of Independent Sates (CIS)
59
when did Gorbachev resign
25th December 1991
60
military spending in 1985 in USSR vs USA
17% government spending on military | vs 6% for USA (Cold War)
61
when was perestroika (openness) introduced
1985
62
attempt to combat alcoholism
1985 - 86 cut alcohol production by 50% | GDP fell 9% as a result (start selling again in 1988)
63
debt caused by borrowing in 12th 5 year plan | 1986 - 1990
debt rose from $18 billion to $27 billion

Russia Edexcel History A Level (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions