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Russia Edexcel History A Level > Theme 1 (government) > Flashcards

Theme 1 (government) Flashcards

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1
Q

by what year was there a communist one party state

A

1922

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2
Q

first constituent assembly date

A

1917

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3
Q

when did bolshevik party become communist party

A

1918

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4
Q

when were other political parties banned

A

1921

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5
Q

when did Bukahrin have secret meeting with Zinoviev and Kaminev

A

1928

year Stalin is ‘in power’

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6
Q

what congress happened in 1921

A

10th party congress

  • on party unity (ban on factions)
  • end War Communism –> NEP
  • Lenin authorises Cheka
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7
Q

how many members in politburo (at start)

A

7-9

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8
Q

when was the soviet state renamed the USSR

A

1924

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9
Q

how often did the Politburo meet under Stalin (early Stalin, 1930s)

A

9 times a year

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10
Q

when was politburo renamed presidium

A

1952

Changed back to politburo under Khrushchev’s de-stalinisation

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11
Q

how much of central committee removed under Khrushchev

A

50%

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12
Q

what congress happened in 1961

A

22 party congress
Khrushchev divides party into agriculture and industry
Fixed term of 16 years on central committee (unpopular as no more job stability)

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13
Q

when was gthe constitution that gave citizens right to criticise under brezhnev

A

1977

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14
Q

when and what was the congress of silence

A

1966
23rd party congress
Very little discusses –> shows inefficiency of Brezhnev

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15
Q

when were lenins chistka and numbers

A

1918 and another in early 1920s. 1/3 part purged under lenin

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16
Q

when was stalins chistka and numbers

A

1932-35

by 1935 22% party removed

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17
Q

when wre stalins purges of all levels of the party

A

1930s

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18
Q

when did ryutin accuse stalin of building dictatorship

A

1932

Stalin wants to have him killed but Politburo don’t let him (shows limits to Stalins power)

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19
Q

when was trial of 16

Who did it target?

A

1936

Zinoviev & his allies

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20
Q

when was trial of 17

Who did it target?

A

1937

Trotsky’s old supporters

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21
Q

when was trial of 21

Who did it target?

A

1938
Bukharin and his supporters, including Yagoda (former head of secret police).
Used as scape goats for the extreme terror

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22
Q

when was the Shakhty trials and who was on trial

A
  1. managers and technical experts charged with holding back industrialisation
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23
Q

when was red army purged (Stalin)

A

1937 and 1938

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24
Q

red army purge numbers (Stalin)

A

3/5 marshalls
14/16 commanders
35,000 officers
all navy admirals

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25
Q

when was purge of secret police (Stalin)

A

1936

26
Q

purge of secret police numbers (Stalin)

A

first 6 months of yezhov (1936), 3,000+ purged

27
Q

when was evidence of doctors plot found?

A

1953

28
Q

when was Trotsky assassinated

A

1940

29
Q

when was stalins 70th

A

1949

Mao attends

30
Q

when did stain die

A

1953

31
Q

how many political prisoners did Beria release and when

A

1953-60
2 million released
Attempt to gain power, Khrushchev got the credit

32
Q

when was Lenin in power?

A

1917-24

33
Q

when was Stalin in power?

A

1928-53

took Stalin 4 years after Lenin’s death

34
Q

when was Khrushchev in power?

A

1956-64
took Khrushchev 3 years after Stalin’s death to emerge as “first among equals”
Forced to step down in 1964

35
Q

when was Brezhnev in power?

A

1964-82

36
Q

when was Andropov in power?

A

1982-84

37
Q

when was Chernenko in power?

A

1984-85

38
Q

who was involved in the power struggle 1924 - 28?

A

Stalin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kaminev

39
Q

Who was involved in the power struggle 1953 - 56?

A

Khrushchev, Beria, Malenkov

40
Q

When did Germany invade USSR?

A

1941

41
Q

when was Trotsky expelled from the party?

A

1928

42
Q

death of Kirov

A

1934
Popular party member and ‘friend’ of Stalin
Started the show trials

43
Q

Start of Cold War

A

1947

44
Q

Stalin shifting power between party and state

A

1938: politburo (party)
1942: state defence committee (state)
1945: Council of ministers (state)

45
Q

Leningrad affair

A

1949
purge of Leningrad party
Zhandov + 200 supporters killed, 2000 arrested

46
Q

When did Stalin imprison Molotov’s wife?

A

1949

47
Q

when was Khrushchev’s secret speech?

A

1956
criticised Stalin’s excessive use of terror
began de-Stalinisation

48
Q

first coup against Khrushchev

A

1957

anti party group lead my Molotov and Malenkov

49
Q

increased party membership Khrushchev

A

1954: 6.9 million. ‘democratisation’ allows peasants and workers to join
1964: 11 million. 60% members are peasants and workers

50
Q

increased politburo age Brezhnev

A

1966: average Politburo age 58
1982: average politburo age 75

51
Q

‘Stability of cadres’ introduced

A

1966

52
Q

‘stability of cadres’ abandoned

A

1982 (Andropov)

53
Q

politburo replaces Sovnarkom

A

1920

Sovnarkom now only approves decisions made by politburo

54
Q

Tambov uprising

A

1920

50,000 in Green Army

55
Q

Kronstadt mutiny

A

1921
estimated 1000 killed (wikipedia said 1000)
Prompted NEP

56
Q

when was the civil war

A

1918-21

57
Q

first constituent assembly (votes)

A

1917
Socialist Revolutionary party: 347 seats
Bolshevik Party: 175 seats
Lenin uses Red Army to shut down

58
Q

The great terror

A

1936 - 38

10% adult male population arrested or killed

59
Q

example Stalin appointing rivals in ‘parallel’ positions between State and Party

A

Made Zhandov (Beria’s key rival) in charge of Party supervision of Beria’s secret police

60
Q

the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A

signed 1918 (Lenin)
Treaty with Germany to get Russia out of WW1
Russia lost control over Baltic states, lost 1/3 of all industry –> national humiliation for conservatives (esp army)
Caused allies to help white army in civil war

61
Q

How many people promoted to politburo under Brezhnev’s stability of cadres ?

A

1966 - 1982: only 2 people promoted to the politburo

Lack of incentive to work as officials knew they were unlikely to ever be promoted or demoted

62
Q

when was the USSR occupying Afghanistan?

A

1979 - 1989

Russia Edexcel History A Level (5 decks)

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