Theme 1 (government) Flashcards
by what year was there a communist one party state
1922
first constituent assembly date
1917
when did bolshevik party become communist party
1918
when were other political parties banned
1921
when did Bukahrin have secret meeting with Zinoviev and Kaminev
1928
year Stalin is ‘in power’
what congress happened in 1921
10th party congress
- on party unity (ban on factions)
- end War Communism –> NEP
- Lenin authorises Cheka
how many members in politburo (at start)
7-9
when was the soviet state renamed the USSR
1924
how often did the Politburo meet under Stalin (early Stalin, 1930s)
9 times a year
when was politburo renamed presidium
1952
Changed back to politburo under Khrushchev’s de-stalinisation
how much of central committee removed under Khrushchev
50%
what congress happened in 1961
22 party congress
Khrushchev divides party into agriculture and industry
Fixed term of 16 years on central committee (unpopular as no more job stability)
when was gthe constitution that gave citizens right to criticise under brezhnev
1977
when and what was the congress of silence
1966
23rd party congress
Very little discusses –> shows inefficiency of Brezhnev
when were lenins chistka and numbers
1918 and another in early 1920s. 1/3 part purged under lenin
when was stalins chistka and numbers
1932-35
by 1935 22% party removed
when wre stalins purges of all levels of the party
1930s
when did ryutin accuse stalin of building dictatorship
1932
Stalin wants to have him killed but Politburo don’t let him (shows limits to Stalins power)
when was trial of 16
Who did it target?
1936
Zinoviev & his allies
when was trial of 17
Who did it target?
1937
Trotsky’s old supporters
when was trial of 21
Who did it target?
1938
Bukharin and his supporters, including Yagoda (former head of secret police).
Used as scape goats for the extreme terror
when was the Shakhty trials and who was on trial
- managers and technical experts charged with holding back industrialisation
when was red army purged (Stalin)
1937 and 1938
red army purge numbers (Stalin)
3/5 marshalls
14/16 commanders
35,000 officers
all navy admirals
when was purge of secret police (Stalin)
1936
purge of secret police numbers (Stalin)
first 6 months of yezhov (1936), 3,000+ purged
when was evidence of doctors plot found?
1953
when was Trotsky assassinated
1940
when was stalins 70th
1949
Mao attends
when did stain die
1953
how many political prisoners did Beria release and when
1953-60
2 million released
Attempt to gain power, Khrushchev got the credit
when was Lenin in power?
1917-24
when was Stalin in power?
1928-53
took Stalin 4 years after Lenin’s death
when was Khrushchev in power?
1956-64
took Khrushchev 3 years after Stalin’s death to emerge as “first among equals”
Forced to step down in 1964
when was Brezhnev in power?
1964-82
when was Andropov in power?
1982-84
when was Chernenko in power?
1984-85
who was involved in the power struggle 1924 - 28?
Stalin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kaminev
Who was involved in the power struggle 1953 - 56?
Khrushchev, Beria, Malenkov
When did Germany invade USSR?
1941
when was Trotsky expelled from the party?
1928
death of Kirov
1934
Popular party member and ‘friend’ of Stalin
Started the show trials
Start of Cold War
1947
Stalin shifting power between party and state
1938: politburo (party)
1942: state defence committee (state)
1945: Council of ministers (state)
Leningrad affair
1949
purge of Leningrad party
Zhandov + 200 supporters killed, 2000 arrested
When did Stalin imprison Molotov’s wife?
1949
when was Khrushchev’s secret speech?
1956
criticised Stalin’s excessive use of terror
began de-Stalinisation
first coup against Khrushchev
1957
anti party group lead my Molotov and Malenkov
increased party membership Khrushchev
1954: 6.9 million. ‘democratisation’ allows peasants and workers to join
1964: 11 million. 60% members are peasants and workers
increased politburo age Brezhnev
1966: average Politburo age 58
1982: average politburo age 75
‘Stability of cadres’ introduced
1966
‘stability of cadres’ abandoned
1982 (Andropov)
politburo replaces Sovnarkom
1920
Sovnarkom now only approves decisions made by politburo
Tambov uprising
1920
50,000 in Green Army
Kronstadt mutiny
1921
estimated 1000 killed (wikipedia said 1000)
Prompted NEP
when was the civil war
1918-21
first constituent assembly (votes)
1917
Socialist Revolutionary party: 347 seats
Bolshevik Party: 175 seats
Lenin uses Red Army to shut down
The great terror
1936 - 38
10% adult male population arrested or killed
example Stalin appointing rivals in ‘parallel’ positions between State and Party
Made Zhandov (Beria’s key rival) in charge of Party supervision of Beria’s secret police
the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
signed 1918 (Lenin)
Treaty with Germany to get Russia out of WW1
Russia lost control over Baltic states, lost 1/3 of all industry –> national humiliation for conservatives (esp army)
Caused allies to help white army in civil war
How many people promoted to politburo under Brezhnev’s stability of cadres ?
1966 - 1982: only 2 people promoted to the politburo
Lack of incentive to work as officials knew they were unlikely to ever be promoted or demoted
when was the USSR occupying Afghanistan?
1979 - 1989
