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Russia Edexcel History A Level > Theme 3 (control) > Flashcards

Theme 3 (control) Flashcards

1
Q

when was the Decree on Press

A

1917

power to ban any “counter revolutionary” papers

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2
Q

when was the Revolutionary Tribunal on Press established

A

1918

power to censor the press and punish journalists who committed ‘crimes against the people’

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3
Q

when was Glavit established

A

1922

professional censors

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4
Q

when was printing press nationalised

A

1920

Prevented any non communist publications

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5
Q

circulation of Trud and Pravada by 1983 (most popular papers)

A

Trud: 13.5 million
Pravada: 10.7 million

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6
Q

what % of Russian people illiterate in 1921

A

65%

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7
Q

when did the communist government start broadcasting radio

A

1921

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8
Q

how many radio stations were there (pre Brezhnev)

A

1

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9
Q

when did Brezhnev introduce a secondary radio channel

A

1964

‘Radio Maiak’ played some foreign music and was popular with young people

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10
Q

number of television sets from 1950s-80s (shows improvement)

A

1950: 10,000
1958: 3 million
1980: most of the population had a TV

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11
Q

how many TV channels in 1985?

A

2

UK only had 6

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12
Q

how tall was Stalin?

A

5’6

all statues depict him over 6ft

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13
Q

when was krushchev’s secret speech?

A

1956

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14
Q

how many medals did Brezhnev award himself

A

over 100

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15
Q

when did attack on russian orthodox church begin?

A

1918

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16
Q

statistics to prove early attack on orthodox church (under Lenin)

A

by 1923: 28 bishops and over 1000 priests killed

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17
Q

league of militant godless established in

A

1929

Did ‘god disproving’ activities such as taking peasants in plane rides to show there was no heaven

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18
Q

statistic to show early attacks (under Lenin) on Orthodox Church not successful

A

mid 1920s, 55% of the USSR population were still active christians

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19
Q

statistic to show attack of church (under Stalin)

A

1930: 4/5 village churches either destroyed or out of operation
1939: only 12/163 bishops not in prison

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20
Q

when did Stalin change his policy towards the church

A

after German invasion 1941 (Church helped support war effort)
400 churches allowed to reopen during WW@

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21
Q

when did Khrushchev launch his anti-religious campaign

A

1958

Closed churches & launched anti religious campaign

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22
Q

statistic to show harshness of Khrushchev’s anti religious campaign

A

in 4 years, 10,000 churches were closed

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23
Q

when was the Christian Committee for the Defence of Believers’ Rights set up?

A

1976
Leader imprisoned in 1979 (didnt last long)
[Brezhnev]

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24
Q

when did Lenin establish the Cheka

A

1917

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25
how many opponents shot by Cheka 1921-22
Red Terror 1921-22 | 200,000 shot
26
when was the Cheka replaced by the GPU
1922
27
when was the GPU replaced with the OGPU
1923
28
when did the OGPU merge with the interior ministry to form the NKVD
1934 | same year that Kirov was murdered
29
when did Yagoda become head of the secret police
1934 | same year OGPU merges with interior ministry to become NKVD, Kirov dies this year under his protection
30
when did Yagoda expand the Gulag system?
1930 to support industrialisation with free slave labour (before he was head)
31
White Sea canal
1931-32 141 miles long 180,000 slaves contracted it 10,000 slaves died
32
removal of Yagoda
removed: 1936 (replaced by Yezhov) shot: 1938 (blamed for not protecting Kirov)
33
how tall was Yezhov
5'0 | "bloody dwarf'
34
Karealian Troika (court)
in 1937, they sentenced 231 prisoners a day | shows excessive purging under Yezhov/Stalin
35
Yezhov dismissal
dismissed in 1938 (replaced by Beria) | scapegoat for excessive purging
36
when was Beria made head of secret police
1938
37
changes made by Beria to Gulags
1939: raised rations (to make prisoners more productive) | made the 1000 scientists in gulags work towards space programme
38
raised economic activity of gulags under Beria
1937: 2000 million roubles 1940: 4500 million roubles 1/3 of gold now came from Gulag mines
39
purge of polish officers at Katyn during WW2
1943 SMERSH oversaw the killing of (minimum) 4,000 polish officers Katyn forrest
40
purge of Leningrad party under Beria
1949 | 2000 party members purged
41
Beria's amnesty
1953 released 1 million prisoners attempt to gain power after Stalin's death
42
When did Andropov become leader of KGB
1967
43
when was the national front formed in Lithuania
1974 (Brezhnev, Cold War) *check book, did they invade / how many deaths*
44
new criminal code
1960 | abolished nighttime raiding and sentencing without proof of acting against state
45
new criminal code scrapped
1966 | still had to be trialed before sentencing
46
leading dissidents begin being sent to psychiatric hospitals rather than gulags
Started under Brezhnev (1964 onwards) | More common once Andropov was leader of KGB (1967 onwards)
47
Helsinki agreements 'guarantee' certain human rights
1975
48
re-enactment of the storming of the winter palace
1920 8,000 people used (not accurate) deliberate challenge of high culture
49
when was the cultural revolution
1925 - 1932 | lifetime of the RAPP
50
when was the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP) closed down
1932 | this was the end of cultural revolution
51
when was the saxophone banned
1940s
52
when did 'Voice of America' begin purposely broadcasting into the USSR
1955
53
when did the banned novel 'Doctor Zhivago' win a Nobel Prize
1958 | epic story about Russian civil war contained some criticism and banned by Stalin
54
arrest of Sinyavsky and Daniel | wrote short novels depicting life in USSR as harsh
1965 demonstration of over 200 students open letter of support for writers signed by 63 intellectuals (Brezhnev)
55
Lenin's cult of personality (most happened after his death)
- images, statues, films and newspapers all depicted lenin as a hero - his body was embalmed and put on display - Petrograd renamed Leningrad 1924
56
Stalin's cult of personality 1924-1930
- links between lenin and stalin enforced - pictures doctored to remove political opponents - 1925 a town renamed Stalingrad - slogan "Stalin is the Lenin of today" used
57
Stalin's cult of personality 1930-1950
- images of stalin being godlike - pictures of stalin with children --> father figure image - images of him meeting average people --> down to earth, happy man - family home turned into shrine, happy childhood painted (despite only seeing his mother 3 times in 40 years) - statues, films and biographies made of stalin
58
Stalin's cult of personality 1950-1953
- many towns named after him - cult of personality provided big image during health decline - large celebrations for 70th birthday
59
decree separating state and church
1918 Decree in freedom of consciousness separated the orthodox church from the state and it lost its status. deprived of its land, banned religious education outside of the home, publications outlawed
60
when did attacks on Islam begin?
1920s onwards (Lenin did not attack islam very much)
61
what % people religious in 1980s?
only 25% believed in god | far fewer engaged in religious worship
62
Mingrelian affair
1951 | purge targeted at a minority which Beria belonged to (threaten him, Stalin worried he becomes too powerful)
63
when was slave labour stopped?
1953 | Khrushchev
64
when was the commissariat of enlightenment (culture) founded?
1917
65
when did USSR invade Czechoslovakia
august 1968 reformist trends in Prague needed shutting down (same year as Brezhnev's new family code)
66
protest against invasion of USSR by Czechoslovakia
1968 only 7 people actually showed up too afraid

Russia Edexcel History A Level (5 decks)

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