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Russia Edexcel History A Level > Theme 3 (control) > Flashcards

Theme 3 (control) Flashcards

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1
Q

when was the Decree on Press

A

1917

power to ban any “counter revolutionary” papers

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2
Q

when was the Revolutionary Tribunal on Press established

A

1918

power to censor the press and punish journalists who committed ‘crimes against the people’

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3
Q

when was Glavit established

A

1922

professional censors

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4
Q

when was printing press nationalised

A

1920

Prevented any non communist publications

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5
Q

circulation of Trud and Pravada by 1983 (most popular papers)

A

Trud: 13.5 million
Pravada: 10.7 million

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6
Q

what % of Russian people illiterate in 1921

A

65%

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7
Q

when did the communist government start broadcasting radio

A

1921

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8
Q

how many radio stations were there (pre Brezhnev)

A

1

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9
Q

when did Brezhnev introduce a secondary radio channel

A

1964

‘Radio Maiak’ played some foreign music and was popular with young people

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10
Q

number of television sets from 1950s-80s (shows improvement)

A

1950: 10,000
1958: 3 million
1980: most of the population had a TV

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11
Q

how many TV channels in 1985?

A

2

UK only had 6

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12
Q

how tall was Stalin?

A

5’6

all statues depict him over 6ft

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13
Q

when was krushchev’s secret speech?

A

1956

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14
Q

how many medals did Brezhnev award himself

A

over 100

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15
Q

when did attack on russian orthodox church begin?

A

1918

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16
Q

statistics to prove early attack on orthodox church (under Lenin)

A

by 1923: 28 bishops and over 1000 priests killed

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17
Q

league of militant godless established in

A

1929

Did ‘god disproving’ activities such as taking peasants in plane rides to show there was no heaven

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18
Q

statistic to show early attacks (under Lenin) on Orthodox Church not successful

A

mid 1920s, 55% of the USSR population were still active christians

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19
Q

statistic to show attack of church (under Stalin)

A

1930: 4/5 village churches either destroyed or out of operation
1939: only 12/163 bishops not in prison

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20
Q

when did Stalin change his policy towards the church

A

after German invasion 1941 (Church helped support war effort)
400 churches allowed to reopen during WW@

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21
Q

when did Khrushchev launch his anti-religious campaign

A

1958

Closed churches & launched anti religious campaign

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22
Q

statistic to show harshness of Khrushchev’s anti religious campaign

A

in 4 years, 10,000 churches were closed

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23
Q

when was the Christian Committee for the Defence of Believers’ Rights set up?

A

1976
Leader imprisoned in 1979 (didnt last long)
[Brezhnev]

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24
Q

when did Lenin establish the Cheka

A

1917

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25
Q

how many opponents shot by Cheka 1921-22

A

Red Terror 1921-22

200,000 shot

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26
Q

when was the Cheka replaced by the GPU

A

1922

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27
Q

when was the GPU replaced with the OGPU

A

1923

28
Q

when did the OGPU merge with the interior ministry to form the NKVD

A

1934

same year that Kirov was murdered

29
Q

when did Yagoda become head of the secret police

A

1934

same year OGPU merges with interior ministry to become NKVD, Kirov dies this year under his protection

30
Q

when did Yagoda expand the Gulag system?

A

1930
to support industrialisation with free slave labour
(before he was head)

31
Q

White Sea canal

A

1931-32
141 miles long
180,000 slaves contracted it
10,000 slaves died

32
Q

removal of Yagoda

A

removed: 1936 (replaced by Yezhov)
shot: 1938
(blamed for not protecting Kirov)

33
Q

how tall was Yezhov

A

5’0

“bloody dwarf’

34
Q

Karealian Troika (court)

A

in 1937, they sentenced 231 prisoners a day

shows excessive purging under Yezhov/Stalin

35
Q

Yezhov dismissal

A

dismissed in 1938 (replaced by Beria)

scapegoat for excessive purging

36
Q

when was Beria made head of secret police

A

1938

37
Q

changes made by Beria to Gulags

A

1939: raised rations (to make prisoners more productive)

made the 1000 scientists in gulags work towards space programme

38
Q

raised economic activity of gulags under Beria

A

1937: 2000 million roubles
1940: 4500 million roubles
1/3 of gold now came from Gulag mines

39
Q

purge of polish officers at Katyn during WW2

A

1943
SMERSH oversaw the killing of (minimum) 4,000 polish officers
Katyn forrest

40
Q

purge of Leningrad party under Beria

A

1949

2000 party members purged

41
Q

Beria’s amnesty

A

1953
released 1 million prisoners
attempt to gain power after Stalin’s death

42
Q

When did Andropov become leader of KGB

A

1967

43
Q

when was the national front formed in Lithuania

A

1974
(Brezhnev, Cold War)
check book, did they invade / how many deaths

44
Q

new criminal code

A

1960

abolished nighttime raiding and sentencing without proof of acting against state

45
Q

new criminal code scrapped

A

1966

still had to be trialed before sentencing

46
Q

leading dissidents begin being sent to psychiatric hospitals rather than gulags

A

Started under Brezhnev (1964 onwards)

More common once Andropov was leader of KGB (1967 onwards)

47
Q

Helsinki agreements ‘guarantee’ certain human rights

A

1975

48
Q

re-enactment of the storming of the winter palace

A

1920
8,000 people used (not accurate)
deliberate challenge of high culture

49
Q

when was the cultural revolution

A

1925 - 1932

lifetime of the RAPP

50
Q

when was the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP) closed down

A

1932

this was the end of cultural revolution

51
Q

when was the saxophone banned

A

1940s

52
Q

when did ‘Voice of America’ begin purposely broadcasting into the USSR

A

1955

53
Q

when did the banned novel ‘Doctor Zhivago’ win a Nobel Prize

A

1958

epic story about Russian civil war contained some criticism and banned by Stalin

54
Q

arrest of Sinyavsky and Daniel

wrote short novels depicting life in USSR as harsh

A

1965
demonstration of over 200 students
open letter of support for writers signed by 63 intellectuals
(Brezhnev)

55
Q

Lenin’s cult of personality (most happened after his death)

A
  • images, statues, films and newspapers all depicted lenin as a hero
  • his body was embalmed and put on display
  • Petrograd renamed Leningrad 1924
56
Q

Stalin’s cult of personality 1924-1930

A
  • links between lenin and stalin enforced
  • pictures doctored to remove political opponents
  • 1925 a town renamed Stalingrad
  • slogan “Stalin is the Lenin of today” used
57
Q

Stalin’s cult of personality 1930-1950

A
  • images of stalin being godlike
  • pictures of stalin with children –> father figure image
  • images of him meeting average people –> down to earth, happy man
  • family home turned into shrine, happy childhood painted (despite only seeing his mother 3 times in 40 years)
  • statues, films and biographies made of stalin
58
Q

Stalin’s cult of personality 1950-1953

A
  • many towns named after him
  • cult of personality provided big image during health decline
  • large celebrations for 70th birthday
59
Q

decree separating state and church

A

1918
Decree in freedom of consciousness
separated the orthodox church from the state and it lost its status. deprived of its land, banned religious education outside of the home, publications outlawed

60
Q

when did attacks on Islam begin?

A

1920s onwards (Lenin did not attack islam very much)

61
Q

what % people religious in 1980s?

A

only 25% believed in god

far fewer engaged in religious worship

62
Q

Mingrelian affair

A

1951

purge targeted at a minority which Beria belonged to (threaten him, Stalin worried he becomes too powerful)

63
Q

when was slave labour stopped?

A

1953

Khrushchev

64
Q

when was the commissariat of enlightenment (culture) founded?

A

1917

65
Q

when did USSR invade Czechoslovakia

A

august 1968
reformist trends in Prague needed shutting down
(same year as Brezhnev’s new family code)

66
Q

protest against invasion of USSR by Czechoslovakia

A

1968
only 7 people actually showed up
too afraid

Russia Edexcel History A Level (5 decks)

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