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Russia Edexcel History A Level > Theme 2 (industry & agriculture) > Flashcards

Theme 2 (industry & agriculture) Flashcards

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1
Q

Industrial production 1921 vs 1913

A

1/5 of 1913 (war communism)

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2
Q

Food production 1921 vs 1913

A

1/2 of 1913 (war communism)

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3
Q

How many died from famine and disease in 1929

A

20 million

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4
Q

How many red army troops needed for Tambov uprising?

A

100,000
(peasant army was 50,000)
might be the other way round check in book

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5
Q

What year was economy restored to pre civil war

A

1926 (success of NEP)

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6
Q

Magnitogorsk population numbers

A

1929 25 people

1932 250,000 people

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7
Q

By 1933, how much of Moscow workforce was skilled?

A

1933 only 17% skilled

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8
Q

White Sea canal numbers

A

141 miles
180,000 prisoners employed
10,000 died
1931-32

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9
Q

Stalingrad tractor factory numbers

A

Meant to produce 500 tractors a month, June 1930 made 8 and most broke down in 3 days

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10
Q

How much coal did alexei Stakhanov mine

A 
102 tonnes (14X target)
began Stakhanovite movement in 1935
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11
Q

Coal increasing first plan

A

(1928-32 first plan)
1927: 35 million tonnes
1932: 64 million tonnes
(83% increase)

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12
Q

Coal production second plan

A

1932: 64 million tonnes
1937: 128 million tonnes
(doubled)

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13
Q

1928-1941 economic growth rate?

A

17%

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14
Q

How did steel and coal production increase all plans

A

1928-41
4 fold in steel.
6 fold in coal

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15
Q

By 1932 how many household collectivised compared to 1937

A

62% in 1932

93% in 1937

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16
Q

animal numbers reduced as a result of peasants resisting collectivisation

A

1928-1933
number of cattle halved
1/3 sheep and goats killed

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17
Q

Grain numbers collectivisation

A

1928-1934
73.3 - 67.6 million tonnes of grain
fell 7%

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18
Q

During famine how many died in 1933-34 famine?

A

5 million

Ukraine –> seized too much grain

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19
Q

WW2 arms production rose by what?

A

1943-45
73,000+ tanks
94,000 + aircraft

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20
Q

Wool production because of war

A

Wool production feel to 1/2 that of 1940 during war

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21
Q

Grain production because of WW2

A

95 million tonnes 1940
30 million tonnes 1942
fell to 31% 1940 level

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22
Q

By end of war how many homeless and how many places destroyed?

A

25 million homeless

1,700 towns 70,000 villages classified as “destroyed”

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23
Q

When was there a drought

A

1946

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24
Q

When was there famine in Ukraine (post WW2) due to drought

A

1947

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25
Q

Productivity in agriculture after the war

A

Lower than in 1913

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26
Q

Khrushchev suggested making larger collectives how many made by when

A

1952 over 100,000 large collectives created

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27
Q

when did Khrushchev set up Regional Economic councils and how many were there

A

1957 and 105 made

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28
Q

working week under Khrushchev

A

reduced from 48 hours a week to 41 by 1960

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29
Q

how much of profit were factory managers allowed to keep and invest under Khrushchev

A

40%

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30
Q

when was libreman plan published

A

1962

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31
Q

what plan did Khrushchev base reforms off of

A

liberman plan

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32
Q

when did Khrushchev boast overtaking western tech

A

1959

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33
Q

when was first satellite launched and what was it called

A

sputnik 1957

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34
Q

who was first man in space and when

A

yuri Gagarin 1961

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35
Q

growth rate in 1950s compared to USA

A

7%

USA: 2.9%

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36
Q

groeth rate in 1960s

A

5%

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37
Q

growth rate in 1970s

A

3%

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38
Q

when was virgin lands scheme

A

1956 - 63

39
Q

how many tractors supplied for virgin lands scheme

A

120,000

40
Q

how did farmers income and food production change under khrushchev

A

1952-58 farmer income doubled

1953-58 food production increased by 51%

41
Q

when was there a poor harvest under Khrushchev and what did it result in

A

1963 shortages caused slaughter of millions of animals

42
Q

when were kosygins reforms

A 
1965
Kosygin (prime minister at the time) introduced bonuses for higher output --> mass production of cheap goods (not useful)
43
Q

when was Kosygin sidelined

A

1968

44
Q

when was industry joined with scientific research institutions

A

1973

Brezhnev, Cold War

45
Q

consumer goods increasing numbers under Brezhnev

A

by 1980 85% families had TV, 70% had washing machines

only 9% had car

46
Q

how did agriculture investment increase under Brezhnev

A

by 1976 26% investment in agriculture

47
Q

Andropov private plots numbers

A

private plots were 1% of cultivated area

25% produce came from private plots

48
Q

when was first 5 year plan

A

1928-32

Stalin

49
Q

when was second 5 year plan

A

1933-37

Stalin

50
Q

when was third 5 year plan

A

1938 - 1941 (cut short by German invasion)

Stalin

51
Q

when was fourth 5 year plan

A

1946-50

Stalin

52
Q

when was fifth 5 year plan

A

1951-55

Stalin dies in 1953

53
Q

when did Lenin begin nationalisation?

A

1917

54
Q

who controlled nationalised industries (set up by Lenin)

A

Veshenka

Set up in 1917

55
Q

famine caused by War Communism (economic crisis 1921)

A

1920-21

6 million deaths

56
Q

decline in workforce caused by War Communism (economic crisis 1921)

A

workers fled to countryside to find food

1917: 2.6 million workers
1921: 1.2 million workers

57
Q

War communism

A

1918-21

  • forced requisition
  • nationalise all industry
  • all able-bodied men 16-50 compulsory work
  • abolition of money (caused by hyperinflation)
58
Q

when was the NEP in place?

A

1921 - 1927

59
Q

when did the government have to impose price cuts on industrial goods (Lenin)?

A

1923

“scissors crisis”

60
Q

when was gosplan established?

A

1921

61
Q

how did electricity increase first 3 plans?

A

1928 - 41

ten fold increase in electricity

62
Q

when was Moscow’s first train lines opened?

A

1935

63
Q

military spending in 1940

A

1/3 government spending goes to army

64
Q

how much was wasted in first 3 plans?

A

40% waste

65
Q

when did Stalin start collectivisation?

A

1928

66
Q

rise in grain exports (collectivisation)

A

1928: less than 1 million tonnes
1931: 5 million tonnes

67
Q

private vs collective farms (shows inefficient collectives)

A

1932

private: average 410 kilos grain per hectare
collective: average 320 kilos grain per hectare

68
Q

what % investment went to heavy industry after WW2?

A

90%

69
Q

when was the russian economy the fastest growing in the world?

A

1950

70
Q

when did the USSR test their first nuclear bomb?

A

1949

71
Q

what % investment went to light industry in Stalin’s years

A

less than 12%

72
Q

how many new acres of land “farmed” in Virgin Lands Scheme

A

6 million new aches land

73
Q

when were MTS abolished

A

1955

peasants loved this

74
Q

When did Khrushchev allow peasants to sell things on private plots

A

1955

75
Q

Ambitious Khrushchev aims (didn’t happen)

A

Overtake American agriculture by 1960

Achieve communism by 1980

76
Q

When was the soviet economy stagnant?

A

by 1985

77
Q

Khrushchev’s 7 year plan

A

1959 - 1965

aim to increase consumer goods & chemicals

78
Q

outcome of 7 year plan (1959 - 65)

A

consumer goods 5% below target

Chemicals 20% below target

79
Q

The land decree

A

1917

Gave all the land to the peasants

80
Q

decree on workers control

A

1917
gave control of factories to the workers
Repealed in 1918 (too high wages)

81
Q

when were all private banks nationalised

A

December 1917

82
Q

how many ‘volunteers’ helped requisition grain during war communism

A

150,000

83
Q

success of NEP stats grain

A

1921: 38 million tonnes
1926: 77 million tonnes
(grain doubled 1921 - 26)

84
Q

results of first 5 year plan 1928-32

A

little impact until 1934.

Magnitogorsk population: 25 (1929) to 250,000 (1932) Quality often sacrificed to reach targets

85
Q

results of second 5 year plan 1933 - 37

A

1928-41: 17% industrial growth rate

86
Q

results of third 5 year plan 1938 - 41

A

interrupted (WW2)

USSR managed to fight off the Nazi invasion December 1941

87
Q

results of fourth 5 year plan 1946-50

A

initial production recovered quickly (2 million slaves used), targets were over fulfilled.
Still a lack of new technology and chemicals

88
Q

results of fifth 5 year plan 1951-55

A

urban areas recovered almost fully (rural areas took longer)

Soviet Union now a nuclear power

89
Q

when did collectivisation become compulsory

A

1928

90
Q

When was the sixth 5 year plan?

A

1956 - 58
Abandoned after 2 years for being too ambitious
(Khrushchev)

91
Q

When was the seventh plan?

A

1959 - 65
7 year plan. Shift towards chemicals and consumer goods
(Khrushchev forced to step down 1964)

92
Q

When was the eighth 5 year plan?

A

1966-70
amount of grain exports doubled
(Brezhnev)

93
Q

When was the ninth 5 year plan?

A

1971-75
15 million tonnes grain imported - detente
(Brezhnev)

Russia Edexcel History A Level (5 decks)

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