Theme 2 (industry & agriculture) Flashcards
Industrial production 1921 vs 1913
1/5 of 1913 (war communism)
Food production 1921 vs 1913
1/2 of 1913 (war communism)
How many died from famine and disease in 1929
20 million
How many red army troops needed for Tambov uprising?
100,000
(peasant army was 50,000)
might be the other way round check in book
What year was economy restored to pre civil war
1926 (success of NEP)
Magnitogorsk population numbers
1929 25 people
1932 250,000 people
By 1933, how much of Moscow workforce was skilled?
1933 only 17% skilled
White Sea canal numbers
141 miles
180,000 prisoners employed
10,000 died
1931-32
Stalingrad tractor factory numbers
Meant to produce 500 tractors a month, June 1930 made 8 and most broke down in 3 days
How much coal did alexei Stakhanov mine
102 tonnes (14X target) began Stakhanovite movement in 1935
Coal increasing first plan
(1928-32 first plan)
1927: 35 million tonnes
1932: 64 million tonnes
(83% increase)
Coal production second plan
1932: 64 million tonnes
1937: 128 million tonnes
(doubled)
1928-1941 economic growth rate?
17%
How did steel and coal production increase all plans
1928-41
4 fold in steel.
6 fold in coal
By 1932 how many household collectivised compared to 1937
62% in 1932
93% in 1937
animal numbers reduced as a result of peasants resisting collectivisation
1928-1933
number of cattle halved
1/3 sheep and goats killed
Grain numbers collectivisation
1928-1934
73.3 - 67.6 million tonnes of grain
fell 7%
During famine how many died in 1933-34 famine?
5 million
Ukraine –> seized too much grain
WW2 arms production rose by what?
1943-45
73,000+ tanks
94,000 + aircraft
Wool production because of war
Wool production feel to 1/2 that of 1940 during war
Grain production because of WW2
95 million tonnes 1940
30 million tonnes 1942
fell to 31% 1940 level
By end of war how many homeless and how many places destroyed?
25 million homeless
1,700 towns 70,000 villages classified as “destroyed”
When was there a drought
1946
When was there famine in Ukraine (post WW2) due to drought
1947
Productivity in agriculture after the war
Lower than in 1913
Khrushchev suggested making larger collectives how many made by when
1952 over 100,000 large collectives created
when did Khrushchev set up Regional Economic councils and how many were there
1957 and 105 made
working week under Khrushchev
reduced from 48 hours a week to 41 by 1960
how much of profit were factory managers allowed to keep and invest under Khrushchev
40%
when was libreman plan published
1962
what plan did Khrushchev base reforms off of
liberman plan
when did Khrushchev boast overtaking western tech
1959
when was first satellite launched and what was it called
sputnik 1957
who was first man in space and when
yuri Gagarin 1961
growth rate in 1950s compared to USA
7%
USA: 2.9%
groeth rate in 1960s
5%
growth rate in 1970s
3%
when was virgin lands scheme
1956 - 63
how many tractors supplied for virgin lands scheme
120,000
how did farmers income and food production change under khrushchev
1952-58 farmer income doubled
1953-58 food production increased by 51%
when was there a poor harvest under Khrushchev and what did it result in
1963 shortages caused slaughter of millions of animals
when were kosygins reforms
1965 Kosygin (prime minister at the time) introduced bonuses for higher output --> mass production of cheap goods (not useful)
when was Kosygin sidelined
1968
when was industry joined with scientific research institutions
1973
Brezhnev, Cold War
consumer goods increasing numbers under Brezhnev
by 1980 85% families had TV, 70% had washing machines
only 9% had car
how did agriculture investment increase under Brezhnev
by 1976 26% investment in agriculture
Andropov private plots numbers
private plots were 1% of cultivated area
25% produce came from private plots
when was first 5 year plan
1928-32
Stalin
when was second 5 year plan
1933-37
Stalin
when was third 5 year plan
1938 - 1941 (cut short by German invasion)
Stalin
when was fourth 5 year plan
1946-50
Stalin
when was fifth 5 year plan
1951-55
Stalin dies in 1953
when did Lenin begin nationalisation?
1917
who controlled nationalised industries (set up by Lenin)
Veshenka
Set up in 1917
famine caused by War Communism (economic crisis 1921)
1920-21
6 million deaths
decline in workforce caused by War Communism (economic crisis 1921)
workers fled to countryside to find food
1917: 2.6 million workers
1921: 1.2 million workers
War communism
1918-21
- forced requisition
- nationalise all industry
- all able-bodied men 16-50 compulsory work
- abolition of money (caused by hyperinflation)
when was the NEP in place?
1921 - 1927
when did the government have to impose price cuts on industrial goods (Lenin)?
1923
“scissors crisis”
when was gosplan established?
1921
how did electricity increase first 3 plans?
1928 - 41
ten fold increase in electricity
when was Moscow’s first train lines opened?
1935
military spending in 1940
1/3 government spending goes to army
how much was wasted in first 3 plans?
40% waste
when did Stalin start collectivisation?
1928
rise in grain exports (collectivisation)
1928: less than 1 million tonnes
1931: 5 million tonnes
private vs collective farms (shows inefficient collectives)
1932
private: average 410 kilos grain per hectare
collective: average 320 kilos grain per hectare
what % investment went to heavy industry after WW2?
90%
when was the russian economy the fastest growing in the world?
1950
when did the USSR test their first nuclear bomb?
1949
what % investment went to light industry in Stalin’s years
less than 12%
how many new acres of land “farmed” in Virgin Lands Scheme
6 million new aches land
when were MTS abolished
1955
peasants loved this
When did Khrushchev allow peasants to sell things on private plots
1955
Ambitious Khrushchev aims (didn’t happen)
Overtake American agriculture by 1960
Achieve communism by 1980
When was the soviet economy stagnant?
by 1985
Khrushchev’s 7 year plan
1959 - 1965
aim to increase consumer goods & chemicals
outcome of 7 year plan (1959 - 65)
consumer goods 5% below target
Chemicals 20% below target
The land decree
1917
Gave all the land to the peasants
decree on workers control
1917
gave control of factories to the workers
Repealed in 1918 (too high wages)
when were all private banks nationalised
December 1917
how many ‘volunteers’ helped requisition grain during war communism
150,000
success of NEP stats grain
1921: 38 million tonnes
1926: 77 million tonnes
(grain doubled 1921 - 26)
results of first 5 year plan 1928-32
little impact until 1934.
Magnitogorsk population: 25 (1929) to 250,000 (1932) Quality often sacrificed to reach targets
results of second 5 year plan 1933 - 37
1928-41: 17% industrial growth rate
results of third 5 year plan 1938 - 41
interrupted (WW2)
USSR managed to fight off the Nazi invasion December 1941
results of fourth 5 year plan 1946-50
initial production recovered quickly (2 million slaves used), targets were over fulfilled.
Still a lack of new technology and chemicals
results of fifth 5 year plan 1951-55
urban areas recovered almost fully (rural areas took longer)
Soviet Union now a nuclear power
when did collectivisation become compulsory
1928
When was the sixth 5 year plan?
1956 - 58
Abandoned after 2 years for being too ambitious
(Khrushchev)
When was the seventh plan?
1959 - 65
7 year plan. Shift towards chemicals and consumer goods
(Khrushchev forced to step down 1964)
When was the eighth 5 year plan?
1966-70
amount of grain exports doubled
(Brezhnev)
When was the ninth 5 year plan?
1971-75
15 million tonnes grain imported - detente
(Brezhnev)
