Theme 2: Opposition Controls and Consent Flashcards
What happened in November 1918?
Sailors at Kiel naval base mutinied.
Further strikes spread to major cities such as Berlin, Munich and Cologne.
Ebert Groener Pact agreed.
What happened during January 1919?
Spartakist uprising.
What happened in 1919?
The first elections (for constitution assembly) show sting support for moderate democratic parties.
What happened in March 1919?
Bavarian Socialist Republic set your.
Crushed in May 1919 by the Freikorps.
There were further attempts to set up socialist republics in Soxony and Thuringia in 1921.
What happened in June 1919?
The Treaty of Versailles was signed.
What happened in 1922?
Law for the protection of the republic (clampdown on violent extremism).
What was the stab in the back myth?
The war wasn’t lost by the military but by the betrayal of socialist, communists, Jews and politicians more generally.
What was the stab on the back myth based on?
The treaty of Versailles confirmed the sense that Germany had been unfairly betrayed by weak politicians.
German media was still confident of victory, even in the autumn of 1918.
As Germany was never invaded and the army was still on french territory, it was difficult to understand how Germany had lost the war.
It was believed that the war was lost due to conspiracy between disloyal socialists, Jews and communists.
What were some conditions from the Treaty of Versailles?
The reparations sum was fixed by the IARC in 1921. The sum was fixed at £6.6billion.
All coal production from the Saar until 1935 was to be given to France.
Germany had to abolish conscription and reduce it’s army by 100,000.
No tanks, no large guns or military aircraft.
Why did Germany resent the Treaty of Versailles?
The war guilt clause forced them to accept responsibility for the war. Germans believed that it was not all their fault - others were equally to blame.
Germany didn’t consider itself a defeated state - it had signed a armistice which does not imply surrender.
They resented the fact that their once proud military nation had to disarm when no other country gave up their armaments thus jeopardising their own security
