The Loss of the American Colonies, 1770-83 Flashcards
When were the Townshend Duties introduced?
1767
Which items were included in the Townshend Duties?
Tea, lead, glass, paint, china and wine
When did the Boston Massacre take place?
5th March 1770
When and where was the first committee of corrrispondance set up?
Boston, 1772
Who made the suggestion of the committee of correspondence?
John Adams
was eventually taken up by almost all other states by 1774.
When was the tea act introduced?
May 1773
What did the tea act allow?
Allows the East India Company to trade directly with America rather than shipping through London.
When did the Boston Tea Party take place?
16th December 1773
What happened at the Boston Tea Party?
Patriots threw 342 chests of tea worth about £10,000 into the sea in protest against the tea act.
When and why were the coercive acts introduced?
1774, as a direct response to the Boston Tea Party.
What happened in September 1774?
Representatives of all the colonies meet in Philadelphia in the Continental Congress in response to the Coercive Acts.
When were the first shots of war fired?
18th April 1775
Who fired the first shots of war?
Lexington and Concord
When was the Battle of Bunker Hill?
17th June 1775
When did the colonies begin drawing up a new constitution?
June 1776
When was the Declaration of Independence made?
4th July 1776
When was the Battle of Saratoga?
October 1777
When was the new constitution approved?
November 1777
When did France declare war on Britain?
June 1778
When did Spain enter the war?
June 1779
When did the British surrender to the Americans at Yorktown?
19th October 1781
When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
1783
Who signed the Treaty of Paris?
Britain, the USA, France, Spain and Holland
Which people were known as redcoats?
The British soldiers
Who were the protestants?
The breakaway or ‘protesting’ churches were excommunicated by the pope in 1521. The Protestant church was not a homogenous whole, but a series of independent churches each with their independent views and not centred around the traditional hierarchy. The focus on an individual’s salvation meant that there was a strong emphasis on literacy and participation as a member of a congregation.
What is the franchise?
The right to vote.
What is the national debt?
This the term is given to the money borrowed by the British government through the issue and sale of securities and bonds. The British national debt doubled during the seven years war, from £75million to £133million.
Who were the agents of the crown?
agents of the colonial government, including customs officials.
What was Tarring and feathering?
Public humiliation whereby the victim was stripped to the waist, covered in liquid tar and then feathers, before being paraded through the streets.
What were the Townshend Duties?
The collective name for a series of Acts passed by the British from 1767 relating to the collection of customs duties from the American colonies. They were introduced by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Charles Townshend. They included taxes on lead, glass, painter’s colours and, most controversially, on tea.
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
A Paramilitary opposition, originally centred in Boston, set up to organise resistance to British taxation in the 1760s. They ensured Boston was at the centre of anti-British activity.
Who were the patriots?
An American colonist who was opposed to British taxation and prepared to fight to defend American liberties. Patriots were proud to call themselves Whigs.
Who were the loyalist?
One who remained loyal to the British Crown during the agitation before the American War of Independence and during the war itself. Also referred to as Tory in an echo of British political names. In Britan, the Tories had supported the rights of James II before the Glorious Revolution, as opposed to the Whigs.
