Learning from past mistakes, Canada 1837-1840 Flashcards
when was the Quebec Act passed?
1774
What did the Quebec Act ado?
Guaranteed religious freedom and the continuation of the land tenure system.
What was the family compact?
A small group of men who controlled the executive council of Upper Canada from the 1810s to the 1840s.
What was the Chateau Clique?
A group of wealthy families in Lower Canada who controlled economic and political power in the province through appointment to the executive council. They were mostly British, rather than French-Canadian.
What was the Howick Act?
An act of parliament in Britain that transferred the revenue from duties on Canadian goods to the control of the local assemblies.
When was the Howick Act passed in Britain?
1831
when did Papineau present his 92 resolutions to the legislative assembly?
February 1834
when did Sir Francis Head become lieutenant governor in Upper Canada?
1835
How many indigenous people were living in Canada in the early 19th century?
100,000
what percentage of the population of lower Canada was French-speaking?
99%
How many immigrants were arriving annually from 1815 onwards?
20,000
where were these immigrants arriving from?
Predominantly Ireland and Scotland
How many provinces were there in Canada?
7
Which Canadain units fought loyally for the British in the 7 years war?
- The Coloured Corps - a small corps of Black Canadians.
- First Nation Warriors - indigenous peoples
- Canadian civilian units - including French Canadian
What was the impact of the 7 years on Canada?
400,00 settlers were now living in Canada, outnumbering the native people.
How did American ideas influence Canadain reformers?
*William Lyon Mackenzie was a radical reformer of U. Canada. when the rebellion failed in 1837 he fled over the border and tried to win support from the Americans
American attitudes to the Canadian rebellion 1837-8
Many Americans sympathised with the Canadian grievances and when Canadian rebels first arrive, public meetings ad newspaper articles were written supporting them.
When the American vessel the Caroline was attacked by British forces (as it was thought to be providing the rebels with arms) the president urged neutrality.
President Van Buren ordered patrols to the border to stop aid to the rebels.
despite this, many Americans supported the rebels and provided with safe exile, guns and supplies.
When was the second rebellion?
1838
When was the Battle of Windmill?
November 1838
How many Americans died at the Battle of Windmill?
20
What political problems was Upper Canada facing?
- The political system was unrepresentative - real power was held by the lieutenant governor and the executive council (not the elected legislative assembly).
- The elected legislative assembly’s only significant power was control over local tax-raising.
- The executive council was dominated by the Family Compact, from the landed elite and used their power to benefit themselves.
- More radical political ideas were spreading - the South American states won independence, the Americans were developing their democracy and enlightenment ideas were spreading.
What social and economic problems were there in upper Canada?
The Anglican Church had considerable influence. One-Seventh of land was designated clergy reserves, with money from sales and rents going to the Church.
