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Geog320Crtgphy > Thematic Mapping: Lines > Flashcards

Thematic Mapping: Lines Flashcards

1
Q

How do you map linear data?

A

Flow Maps

- Width of line has meaning (quantitative flow maps)

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2
Q

Why use a flow map?

A
  • Dynamic
  • Good for absolute data
  • Shows movement of phenomena not directionality (People, goods, etc.)
  • Visualize movement on a static map
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3
Q

How do you make a flow map?

A
  • Most drawn by hand
  • Few algorithms for automated creation
  • Tobler did some work on automation in 2004
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4
Q

What are 3 linear data types?

A
  • Radial
  • Distributive
  • Network
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5
Q

Radial Line Flow

A

Looks like a wheel with spokes

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6
Q

Distributive Line Flow

A

With Directions/arrows

- Ex. Trade Flows

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7
Q

Network Line Flow

A

Interconnectivity

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8
Q

Name 2 historical examples of flow maps

A
  • Minard’s Napoleonic Military campaign

- Harness’s Dublin 1837 (1st published flow map)

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9
Q

Narrative Flow Maps/Diagrams.

Name some unique flow map examples.

A

Flow is over time not geography. Qualitative Flow

  • Star Wars
  • Lord of the Rings
  • Dr .Who
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10
Q

What are three ways to represent different variables or directions in a flow map?

A
  • Width
  • Style
  • Colour
    ex. Going to = Red, Away from = Black
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11
Q

What is Nominal?

A
  • Simple presence/abscence
  • Not quantitative
  • Mostly observational
  • Lines differentiated by style, width, colour but there is no meaning to those choices
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12
Q

Mapping quantitative linear data

A
  • May be relative (ordinal) or absolute (ratio/interval) variation in magnitude
  • Variation of line width, style or colour has meaning
  • Meaning is relative or absolute
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13
Q

Graphicacy

A

Ability to communicate without numbers or words but with an image
- Goal of Cartography

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14
Q

Line Complexity

A

Increasing complexity from Solid, Dashed long, Dashed short, Dot Dash long, Dot Dash short, Dot, Crosses, X+interspersed (x+x+x+x)

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15
Q

Rules for line complexity

A
  • Don’t use too many (keep it simple)
  • 3 is good max
  • change width in line style to show message
  • Use graphicacy to get message across.
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16
Q

Flow line details: Data Range

A

Smallest to largest number

17
Q

Flow line details: Scaling Issues

A

How to deal with data range
- Width of symbol can get big fast if it is proportional to flow
Solution: Switch data with range-grading or innovate methods

18
Q

Flow line details: Treatment of symbols

A

How to use symbols and interact with each other for visual impact

  • Draw proportionally at merge points
  • Scale arrowhead properly
  • Interposition: small lines should appear above
19
Q

Flow line details: Legend Design

A
  • Stair step
  • Range-graded
  • Specified key values
20
Q

Flow line details: Design Rules

A
  • Flow lines have highest graphic importance
  • Small lines appear on top of larger
  • Arrows only if direction is important to map message
  • Contrast between land and water are important
  • Clear legends including units
  • KIS
21
Q

Interposition

A

Small lines must appear above big lines in line hierarchy

- Slight break between lines also affects the eye and makes the small line stand out more

22
Q

Range-graded legend design.

A
  • 1 point = 0-100
  • 2 point = 101 - 200
    etc. with symbol for each
  • Ensure ranges are exclusive (not 0-100, 100-200 because can’t belong to 2 groups at once)
  • Exact values are better for message
23
Q

Specified Key values

A
  • 1 point = 100
  • 2 point = 200
    etc.
  • better for message
24
Q

What is the problem with Corel default arrow heads for flowlines?

A

The default arrow head is poorly scaled to line width and doesn’t communicate magnitude for message properly
- too much where and not enough how much

25
Q

Merging Lines

A
  • Angular merge points to create flow for eye and also allows for measurement of line width at fork
  • 90 degree angles are not visually appealing and don’t allow for accurate measurement
26
Q

Projections

A

Use Equivalent when you need to preserve azimuthal direction (Only true at one point) of where or area for lines

27
Q

When would you use a conformal projection?

A

When preserving angles

28
Q

List 7 important design considerations

A
  • Flow lines need highest visual/graphic importance
  • Smaller flow lines onto of larger
  • Arrows only if direction is important to map message
  • Contrasts between land and water are important
  • KIS, including line scaling
  • Clear legends
  • Simple legends that include units
29
Q

Figure Ground

A

Figure: Objects that stand out in perception
Ground: Formless background
- from Dent

30
Q

Dent’s Basic Hierarchy

A

1) Thematic Symbols
2) Base map: Land
3) Base map: Water features

Geog320Crtgphy (10 decks)

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