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Geog320Crtgphy > Text > Flashcards

Text Flashcards

1
Q

What are 6 major design criteria to consider with text?

A
  • Presence vs Absence
  • Style (fonts and lettering)
  • Form
  • Size
  • Colour
  • Placement
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2
Q

What is the most time consuming part of cartography?

A

Text and lettering

- Very detail oriented

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3
Q

What is an integral part of any map?

A

Text and lettering

- It is there to be seen and read

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4
Q

What are some issues to be considered with text on a map?

A
  • Can crowd and complicate
  • Can negate hard work on the rest of the map details
  • Labels can be redundant in some cases
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5
Q

4 important words for type vocabulary

A
  • Type Family (Times, Arial, Brush, etc)
  • Type Style (regular, bold, italic)
  • Typeface
  • Type Size (12 vs. 16)
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6
Q

Why is font important on a map?

A
  • Clarity
  • Style matching
  • Legibility
  • Fonts have personality
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7
Q

What are 3 typeface classifications?

A
  • Old Style/ Classic (thick hairlines, blunt serifs)
  • Transitional (Thin hairlines, rounded serifs)
  • Modern (Thin hairlines, straight serifs)
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8
Q

What are 5 case types?

A
  • UPPERCASE
  • lowercase
  • Title Case
  • Sentence case
  • Small Caps (all upper case but sized like lower case)
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9
Q

What are 2 Style types?

A
  • Avec Serif

- Sans Serif

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10
Q

Why is the Old Style typeface thick?

A
  • Needed width and magnitude for type setting to hold ink

- New printing technology has transitioned to thinner and straighter typefaces

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11
Q

What kind of typeface has a ‘Power’ personality?

A

Bold sans serifs

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12
Q

What kind of typeface has a ‘Grace’ personality?

A

Italics

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13
Q

What kind of typeface has a ‘Precision’ personality?

A

New san serifs

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14
Q

What kind of typeface has a ‘Dignity’ personality?

A

OldStyle

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15
Q

What are form variations within a style?

A
  • Upper vs. lower case
  • Upright vs. italic
  • Bold
  • Shadowing
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16
Q

What is Upper case used for?

A
  • Important and large things
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17
Q

What text form is used for water features?

A

Italics because it implies flow and grace, nature of movement

18
Q

What text form is used for human constructions?

A
  • Upright, not italics
19
Q

What is the smallest recognizable font?

A

6 point

20
Q

How is font measured?

A

Point size

- 1 point = 1/72” or 0.35mm

21
Q

What should the size difference between fonts be?

A

25% to make differences clear

- Size relates to importance or magnitude

22
Q

Nomograph

A

Shows the relationship between size and legibility from a distance

  • Like an eye doctor test
  • Font sizes can be chosen based on how far away the viewer is expected to be (wall, sign, etc.)
23
Q

What are some common spacing issues with words?

A
  • Double OO’s cramps
  • Strong verticals (NINE) cramp
  • O, A, J, L, P, T, V, and W can look like holes in a word
  • TH can be improved by increasing space between T and H
24
Q

Typesetting

A
  • Very laborious and highly skilled occupation

- Now automated by computer

25
Q

Kerning

A
  • Process of adjusting spacing between characters in a proportional font
  • Usually to achieve a visually pleasing result
26
Q

Placement Guidelines

A
  • Letters sit on top of things
  • Letters follow linear features
  • Spread letters out to show extent of features
  • Make letters bend to overall shapes
  • Letters should float above surface if labelling points
27
Q

What is the number one spot for labelling points?

A
  • Upper right
28
Q

What are the preferred placement spots from 1 - 8 around a point?

A

1) Upper Right
2) Upper Left
3) Lower Right
4) Lower Left
5) Right
6) Left
7) Up and a bit left
8) Down and a bit right

29
Q

What are some of the main factors to consider for text?

A
  • Legibility (easy to read)
  • Perceptibility (lettering stands out)
  • Harmony (# and type of styles not clashing)
  • Search Time
  • Suitability for production/reproduction
30
Q

What size should sources be on a map?

A

Between 6-8 point font

31
Q

What was something Eduard Imhof invented?

A
  • Cross-hatching to give Atlas 3D effect
32
Q

Why should suitability for reproduction be considered?

A
  • How does the map print
  • How does it look on screen
  • Might not be good for both
33
Q

Why should harmony be considered?

A
  • Do the styles compliment one another?
  • Is there too many fonts?
  • Keep number of fonts limited and differentiate with style (bold, italics) and size
34
Q

Why should Search time be considered?

A
  • Can the words easily be found and are they in the right spot
35
Q

Why should perceptibility be considered?

A
  • Do the words stand out against the background (black on white better than white on black - expensive ink)
36
Q

What are some considerations for type (Imhof)?

A
  • Graphic structure
  • Type Style
  • Type Size
  • Type Appearance
  • Type Colour
  • Association of type with object
  • Type Style for each class of objects
  • Type Arrangement
  • Type Position
  • Actually placing of the type
37
Q

What is a rule emphasized by Imhof?

A

No rule without Exception

  • Often 2 rules stand in opposition
  • Each case is individually considered
38
Q

What are some of Imhofs general principles?

A
  • Legibility of text distinguishable from figure ground
  • Clear graphic association for object associated with text
  • Minimal disturbance to other map contents
  • Text hierarchy of objects by style and size
  • Names not dispersed or too dense
39
Q

What are the 3 types of designations by Imhof?

A
  • Position designations, or names for point-like objects and concepts
  • Linear designations, names for objects with linear or ribbon extent
  • Areal or surface designations
40
Q

When placing text non-horizontal, how should the direction be placed?

A
  • Clock-wise for reading legibility

- From right to left

Geog320Crtgphy (10 decks)

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