Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History- Kaiser to Fuhrer > The Weimar Republic - Years of Crisis 1919-1924 > Flashcards

The Weimar Republic - Years of Crisis 1919-1924 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who announced the Republic in Germany?

A

Chancellor Friedrich Ebert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who opposed the Republic?

A

Karl Liebknecht

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why was it necessary for Germany to remove their monarch?

A

They needed to be a democracy to appeal to the democratic allies deciding their fate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why was there a lack of unity in Ebert’s coalition government?

A
  • It was a provisional government until there could be a general election = little power and a chaotic society
  • coalition of SPD and USPD so had to contend with extremists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the Ebert-Groener agreement?

A

General Groener said the SUPREME ARMY COMMAND agreed to support Ebert’s government and use troops to maintain STABILITY and SECURITY…. ONLY if Ebert opposed revolutionary socialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

On what date was the KPD (German Communist Party) formed?

A

1st Jan 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many voted for pro-government parties in January 1919?

A

23.1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who were the Sparticists?

A

Radical extreme left-wing socialists who wanted revolution like in Russia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was the Sparticist revolt?

A

5th Jan 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many Freikorps crushed the Sparticist revolution?

A

30,000 troops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many ‘suspected’ communists were rounded up and shot?

A

500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When did the National Constituent Assembly take place? where?

A

6th February 1919 - - - in Weimar for security reasons, as Berlin was too unstable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the three aims of the Sparticist revolution?

A

1) Power transferred to the workers and soldiers’ councils not National Assembly
2) Nationalise industry and agriculture for the state
3) Police and army diarmed and replaced with workers’ miliitas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did the Sparticist revolt reveal about democratic Germany?

A

1) Democratic government was prepared to use UNDEMOCRATIC methods to preserve it and keep stability
2) Represents the left-wing parties in Germany as enemies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the percentage of participation in the first election on 19th January 1919?

A

83%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage voted in favour of pro-democratic parties in January 1919 elections?

A

80.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the second violent threat from the left in 1919?

A

RED BAVARIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who was assassinated in February 1919?

A

Kurt Eisner - USPD leader in Bavaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who led the revolution in Bavaria?

A

Eugen Levine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was set up by Levine?

A

A ‘Red Army’ of workers and he announced the Bavarian Soviet Republic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did Levine do to the more wealthy?

A

Seized their land and started killing known ‘right-wingers’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When were the Army and Freikorps sent in to crush Red Bavaria?

A

May 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many Army and Freikorps troops were sent in this time?

A

30,000 troops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many of the ‘Red Army’ did they kill and how many other ‘known communists’?

A

1000 -Red Army

800 - known communists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happened on 15th March 1920?

A

Ruhr Revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who participated in the Ruhr Revolution?

A

Workers in the Ruhr, who attempted to for a ‘Red Army’ militia group and set up government in Essen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happened to the revolutionaries?

A

Shot instantly by Army/Freikrops and NOT ONE prisoner was taken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What were the 4 key beliefs of the extreme right-wing?

A
  • Anti-democracy - reject Weimar
  • Anti-Marxism - saw communism as a great threat
  • Nationalism - saw WW1 defeat as result of unpatriotic forces
  • Authoritarianism - wanted traditional dictatorship (i.e. Kaiser)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which groups were involved in the extreme right-wing DNVP (German National People’s Party)?

A

Vaterlandpartei and Pan-Germans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What did the actions of the Freikorps become known as?

A

The ‘White Terror’ - Using violence to destroy the communist threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What was the extreme threat of the right in march 1920?

A

The Kapp Putsch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch the result of?

A

The Treaty of Versailles demands to scale down the Army to 100,000 men and remove the Freikorps completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What was gained and then established in the Kapp Putsch?

A

Took the government district of Berlin and installed a new government almost unopposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Who were the two main protagonists?

A

Wolfgang Kapp and General Luttwitz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How many troops did the leaders encourage to march on Berlin in the Kapp Putsch?

A

12,000 Freikorps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What was the response when the government appealed to the Army for aid in the Kapp Putsch?

A

General von Seekt ordered them to stay in their barracks as he didn’t support the new government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What was General von Seekt’s famous phrase in reponse?

A

‘Reichswehr do not fire on Reichswehr’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Who did the government appeal to who successfully crushed the putsch?

A

The Berlin Trade Unions perform a strike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What 2 things did the General Strike show?

A
  • The people supported the government and democracy

* The people feared a right-wing military dictatorship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What was the response of the judiciary? What did this suggest?

A

They didn’t punish the revolutionaries as they didn’t support the democratic government either

This gave credibility and legality to to their putsch and undermined the government’s authority

41
Q

What are the 3 main strengths of the Weimar constitution?

A
  • UNIVERSAL male suffrage (all over 25)
  • PR was very democratic as every vote counts
  • The President provided a check against any radical legisation/party
42
Q

Why does proportional representation undermine democracy?

A

Doesn’t allow for a majority party…..a coalition government has to be formed but they disagree causing them to collapse

43
Q

Why was the President’s power a weakness of the constitution?

A
  • Use of Article 48, weakening democracy
  • Chose the chancellor prohibiting democracy
  • He controlled the army
44
Q

What did Theodore Heuss say about democracy in Germany?

A

‘Democracy came to Germany…in the wake of defeat.’

45
Q

Why did Germany accept the terms of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919?

A

Allies weren’t willing to negotiate with them and Germany didnt have the miliatry capacity to resist

46
Q

What was the result of the vote in the Reichstag in repsonse to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

237 votes to 138

47
Q

What had Woodrow Wilson (U.S. President) spoken in favour of?

A

International Disarmament

48
Q

What disarmament demands were placed on Germany after the Treaty of Versailles?

A

*Reduce army to 100,000 men *No submarines or aircrafts or tanks *Rhineland dimilitarised *6 battleships and cruisers *12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats

49
Q

How did Germany react to the disarmament?

A

UNILATERALLY DISARMED - only one’s being disarmed and humiliated when Wilson had talked of international disarmament

50
Q

In 1921 what was the reparations fixed at?

A

£6,600 million

51
Q

In June 1920 how much of the vote did democratic parties get?

A

44.6%

52
Q

How was Germany’s treatment by the Allies viewed?

A

Undignified and Humiliating for such a great nation (built by their army)

53
Q

What was Article 231?

A

The War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles- Germany had to accept blame for causing th war and responsbility for losses and damage

54
Q

Who was not allowed to the join the League of Nations initially?

A

Germany

55
Q

What is a Diktat?

A

A dictated peace and the Germans felt the Treaty of Versailles was just this - there had been no negotiation

56
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June 1919

57
Q

Who was the man leading the German representatives at the signing in Versailles?

A

Hermann Muller

58
Q

What was Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen points?

A

Revolved around the idea of self-determination for all nations and a ‘just peace’

59
Q

What was Clemenceau’s main aim at the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Revanche - had lost a lot in war and for the Franco-Prussian War (A damaging Carthaginian Peace)

60
Q

How long was the Rhineland occupied by the Allies as a buffer between France and Germany?

A

15 years

61
Q

What territorial provision was made in the Treaty of Versailles concerning the Kiel Canal?

A

It was opened to Warships and Merchant ships from all nations

62
Q

What happened to all of Germany’s colonies as the result of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

They were handed over to the Allies and the League of Nations would decide who governed them

63
Q

What did Article 80 of the Treaty of Versailles state?

A

The Anschluss was forbidden

64
Q

Which main coalfield in Germany was controlled now by France?

A

The Saar

65
Q

Where were key iron and steel resources lost?

A

In the Sudetenland

66
Q

How much of Germany’s fishing fleet had to be handed over?

A

1/4

67
Q

How many tons did Germany have to build of shipping a year for the Allies? How many years was this for?

A

200,000 tons . . . . . for the next 5 years

68
Q

What was another key consideration the Allies had to note in forming the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Containing and crushing Bolshevik Russia

69
Q

What was the ‘Stab in the Back’ Myth?

A

Germany’s armed forces had been undermined by politicians and others in Germany who wanted peace

70
Q

How did the ‘Stab in the Back’ Myth help the anti-republican right-wiing DNVP gain votes?

A

It blamed the politicians absolving military from responibility - DNVP went from 10.3% IN 1919 TO 14.9% IN 1920

71
Q

Why did Germany not believe they had been defeated in 1918?

A

Germany was never fully occupied as no foreign troops set foot on their land

72
Q

How much of coal production was lost in handing over German territory?

A

20%

73
Q

What did Hugo Preuss say about the German Republic?

A

‘The German Republic was born out of terrible defeat… the criminal madness of the Versailles Diktat was a shameless blow.’

74
Q

Between 1919 and 1921 how many conferences were held to discuss the levels of reparations?

A

23

75
Q

When was the national debt of Germany 144 milliard marks?

A

1919

76
Q

In 1922 what had national debt increased to?

A

469 milliard marks

77
Q

In 1922 which industrialist and founder of the Democratic Party was assassinated?

A

Walter Rathenau

78
Q

Who assassinated Walter Rathenau?

A

Organisation Consul (extreme right-wing death squad)

79
Q

Who did the Zentrum Party represent?

A

Catholics

80
Q

When did the German currency collapse?

A

1923

81
Q

What did the German government request in July 1922?

A

The suspension of the reparations due to their significant financial debt

82
Q

What’s the offical name for the delaying of the policy?

A

Moratorium

83
Q

What was the 1 ‘productive guarantee’ that the French Prime Minister demanded for the delay of reparations?

A

Wanted 60% of the capital of Germany’s dyestuff industry

84
Q

When was the period of hyperinflation in Germany?

A

Jan - Nov 1923

85
Q

What was the Ruhr Crisis?

A
  • Default payments on reparations
  • France+Belgium occupy the Ruhr in Jan ‘23
  • 60,000 troops
  • workers led passive resistence
86
Q

What did the Weimar constitution make a constitutional right? What effect did this have on government?

A

-Social Security…..the government now had to provide support to the unemployed

87
Q

How did the situation in the Ruhr damage the German economy?

A

The government had to pay all the workers on strike and recompensated owners who lost revenue - adds to government expenditure

88
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

November 1923

89
Q

What did the constitutional right of social security result in for the government? Who did they have to take care of?

A

Men from the front with massive disabilities
War Orphans
War Widows

90
Q

Which crisis did Gustav Stresemann solve in 1923? How?

A

The Ruhr Crisis through calling off the passive resistance and agreeing to pay the reparations

91
Q

In August 1923 who led a new government?

A

Gustav Stresemann

92
Q

What was the new name for the German currency?

A

The Rentenmark

93
Q

How many state employees were sacked by Stresemann to cut government spending to pay for the reparations?

A

700,000

94
Q

By August 1923 there was a total of how many marks in circulation?

A

663 billion

95
Q

How long was Hitler sentenced for after the Munich Putsch?

A

5 yrs - only did 10 months

96
Q

How many governments were there over 14 years?

A

25

97
Q

How many political assassinations were there in Weimar Germany?

A

376 (254 were right-wing attacks)

98
Q

What did Hitler decide during his time in prison?

A

To do everything legally - not by force/violence

History- Kaiser to Fuhrer (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions