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History- Kaiser to Fuhrer > The Golden Age 1924-1929 > Flashcards

The Golden Age 1924-1929 Flashcards

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1
Q

By what 3 measures can we measure the stability of Germany?

A

Economic

Social

Political

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2
Q

How did Stresemann describe the German Economy during the ‘Golden Age’?

A

‘Germany was like dancing on a volcano’

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3
Q

When was the Dawes Plan introduced? What was it?

A

April 1914

It fixed the reparations to payable rates for Germany and a loan was provided by USA

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4
Q

What was the loan from the USA stated in the Dawes Plan?

A

800 million marks

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5
Q

Why is it difficult to judge whether there was a Golden Age?

A

It is relative - - - you have to look at before and after the period

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6
Q

For how long was Stresemann foreign minister?

A

From 1924 -1929

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7
Q

Between which two dates were there 6 governments in power?

A

May 1924 - May 1928

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8
Q

Who was president before Hindenburg?

A

Friedrich Ebert

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9
Q

What is the name given to President Hindenburg to show him as a substitute Kaiser?

A

Ersatzkaiser

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10
Q

How did A.J. Nicholls state President Hindenburg’s sentiments towards the Weimar Republic?

A

‘he refused to betray the Republic, but he didn’t rally the people to its banner’

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11
Q

Strength of the Economy:

By 1928 the production levels equalled that of which year?

A

1913

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12
Q

Strength of the Economy:

By 1928, National Income had risen by what percentage compared to 1913?

A

12%

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13
Q

Strength of the Economy:

Exports rose by 40% between 1925 and which year?

A

1929

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14
Q

Strength of the Economy:

What two aspects remained at relatively low levels?

A

Inflation and Unemployment

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15
Q

Strength of the Economy:

How many BILLION marks were loaned between 1924-1930 to build infrastructure?

A

25.5 BILLION MARKS

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16
Q

Who was involved in Muller’s Grand coalition in 1928?

A

SPD, DDP, DVP and ZP

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17
Q

Strength of Politics:

How many Putsch attempts or political assassinations were there?

A

Not one after 1924

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18
Q

Strength of Politics:

Why is the creation of the Grand Coalition in 1928 considered a political strength for stability?

A
  • The first government since Stresemann that included the SPD
  • Had a secure majority of over 60%
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19
Q

Strength of Politics:

By 1928 what percentage of the people supported pro-democratic parties? What does this show?

A

76% Showing acceptance for democracy

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20
Q

Strength of Politics:

What percentage of the vote did the extreme Nazis receive in 1928?

A

2.6%

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21
Q

Strength of Politics:

What did President Hindenburg do in 1928 despite his hostility to Socialism?

A

Chose SPD leader, Muller as Chancellor - upholding the democratic constitution giving it right wing support

22
Q

Strength of Politics:

In 1928 how many seats did the SPD get for 29.8% of the vote?

A

153 seats

23
Q

Strength of Politics:

Despite gaining 103 seats in December 1924, what happened to the DNVP?

A

After recovering from hyperinflation in 1923 they started to lose votes as an extremist group (fell by 1/4 in 1928)

24
Q

What were Stresemann’s aims while in office?

A

Address- To address the Treaty of Versailles diplomatically
Positive- To recognise the positive relations with France for success
Attract- To attract US investment
Leading Power- To make Germany a leading power
-

25
Q

Why did the USA need Germany to have a strong economy?

A
  • Wants a market place which won’t happen in war times as people spend less, and more on military resources
  • Need Germany to pay reparations to Allies so they cant pay USA back
26
Q

What did Stresemann do to make better relations with France?

A

Called off the PASSIVE RESISTANCE and said they’d pay the reparations = better long term relationship

27
Q

How did Stresemann pacify the people?

A
  • Injected money + jobs into the economy via US loan

- Directed aggression from domestic to France

28
Q

Weakness of Economy:

Which sector went into recession from 1927?

A

Agriculture

29
Q

Weakness of Economy:

Why is the loan providing ‘deceptive stability’?

A

As Germany appears to have money but really it is reliant on the US economy

30
Q

Weakness of Economy:

What was the figure which unempolyment never fell below from 1924-1928?

A

1.3 MILLION

31
Q

Weakness of Economy:

In 1928 what was the figure for unemployment?

A

3 MILLION (and continued rising)

32
Q

Weakness of Economy:

In agriculture by what fraction was grain production of the 1913 figure?

A

Only 3/4

33
Q

Weakness of Politics:

What percent of the 1928 vote did the KPD gain?

A

10.6% (=rise in communism)

34
Q

Weakness of Politics:

How did proportional representation weaken Weimar democracy?

A

It meant a majority couldn’t be formed and there were constant coalition governments that didn’t agree - Germany still had the same probems as pre-war as no-one wanted to include the SPD despite their clear majority.

35
Q

Who becameleader of the DNVP?

A

Alfred Hugenberg

36
Q

When were the treaties of the Locarno Pact signed?

A

December 1925

37
Q

What were the main points of the Locarno Pact?

A
  • It was a mutual guarantee agreement - the Franco-German and Franco-Belgian borders were secured
  • Demilitarisation of the Rhineland as now permanent
  • The Arbitration treaties which are third party decisions which would settle conflicts peacefull between POL, GER, CZECHSLOV.
38
Q

When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact? What did it stand for?

A

August 1928

A declarations outlawing ‘war as an instrument of national policy’ (jut highlighted Germany’s involvement in the league of nations)

39
Q

Which Pact/Treaty was signed in April 1926?

A

The Treaty of Berlin

40
Q

What was the Treaty of Berlin?

A

An agreement which REDUCED strategic fears on the German Eastern front and opened a LARGE COMMERCIAL market

41
Q

Positive of Culture:

Between which period of years did wages rise every year?

A

1924-1930

42
Q

Positive of Culture:

Which two men produced artistic works reflecting on The First World War and satirising Junkers?

A

George Grosz and Otto Dix

43
Q

Positive of Culture:

What was the new movement in architecture called?

A

Bauhaus - it was experimental and functional

44
Q

Positive of Culture:

By 1929 how many times more was it spending on housing than 1913?

A

33 times

45
Q

Positive of Culture:

How was urban culture described from 1924-1928? (2 words)

A

Experimental and Liberal

46
Q

Positive of Culture:
Due to better governmental health provision, what was the difference in the number of deaths of TB from before 1914 to after 1914?

A

143 to 87 per 10,000

47
Q

What was the term used to reflect the cultural development in Weimar?

A

Neue Sachlichkeit (new functionalism) which was meant to show reality and objectivity

48
Q

Negative of Culture:

Often Weimar was described as ‘decadent’ what modern mass culture emerged?

A

Jazz Music, Cabaret, and consumerism which contrasted with the old traditional Germany

49
Q

Negative of Culture:

What was the new name for theatre? What did it suggest?

A

Zeit Theater (theatre of the time)

Disenchantment with Weimar and scepticism about reforming
Injustices of Weimar society

50
Q

Negative of Culture:

Who was a dominant playwright in the mid-1920s?

A

Friedrich Wolf

51
Q

Negative of Culture:

Who disagreed with the liberalism of Weimar?

A

Majority of traditional Germans, especially those in more rural areas

52
Q

Negative of Culture:

What was the name for a second-earner? Why was this negative?

A

Doppelverdiner

Negative because it was condemned - married women working too seemed wrong and against tradition

History- Kaiser to Fuhrer (10 decks)

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