The Rise of the Nazis 1929-1934 Flashcards
Who created the Nazi Party (the DAP back then)?
Anton Drexler
What was the programme Drexler and Hitler created?
The 25-Points Programme
When was the 25-Points Programme established and what did it state?
Feburary 1920 *Gave key Nazi message in favour of: German Nationalism Racial Ideas Anti-Semitism Anti-democracy
What was Hitler’s idea of Lebensraum?
‘Living Space’ where German-speaking peoples would be united to maximise strength - in an aim of colonial expansion into Eastern Europe to be a greater power
What was Social Darwinism? How did it impact Hitler?
The notiont of ‘survival of the fittest’ - used as a moral principle that the ‘weaker’ races don’t deserve to live and should be ERADICATED
How much did Hitler’s speeches increase party membership? By which year?
3,300 new members by 1921
What was Hitler’s Fuhrerprinzip?
There should be complete obedience of the authority of the leader (Hitler)
When were the SA created?
SA led by Ernst Rohm in 1921 (visually gave the message of defeating communism)
What was the name of the first Nazi Newspaper in 1921?
Volkischer Beobachter
How had Hitler dubbed the ones who signed the Treaty of Versailles?
‘November Criminals’
How did Hitler use the SA as propaganda creating nostalgia?
Their uniforms were ‘brownshirts’ like those of Prussian Military reminiscing of Kaiser Reich = prosperous time
Who joined the party in 1922? What did this for for it?
Hermann Goring and it gave the party respectability as he was from the Aristocracy
What is the Volksgemeinschaft?
The policy of creating a national community (overcoming class, religion and politics in search of GERMAN VALUES)
How many members were there by 1923?
20,000
What were two Nazi propaganda iconologies creating an identity?
The Nazi Salute
Swastika (both show belonging)
What was the Herrenvolk?
The master race
What were the new regions of Germany called?
Gaue
Who controlled each region? (extra: who controlled Berlin?)
Gauleiters (Joseph Goebbels)
What was the difference in votes from May to December 1924?
won 6.5% of vote in May
Went to 3% in December (Before the release of Hitler)
How had membership increased since 1925?
4 FOLD
Which bodyguard was created in 1925?
SS
Which Nazi movements were founded in 1926?
Hitler Youth; Nazi Teachers’ Assoc.; Nazi Students’ Assoc.; Union of Nazi Lawyers.
What was the derrogatory name often given to the Nazis?
The ‘Party of the angry man’
What was the Nazi result of May 1928 Election?
Only 2.6% of vote == 12 seats
Which province did the Nazi Party Treble its vote? why?
Thuringia
There was a fall in agricultural prices in this agriculturally dominated area= discontent
Who led the Nazis in the years Hitler was in jail?
Alfred Rosenburg
How could the Nazis be described without the presence of Hitler?
Weak and in disarray
When and at which conference did Hitler assert the Fuhrerprinzip?
February 1926 - Bamberg Conference
What happened in October 1929?
The Wall Street Crash
By how much did national income shrink by between 1929 and 1932?
39%
By how much did industrial production decline after 1929?
40%
What was the number of unemployed by 1932?
6 million (1/3 of the working population)
how many businesses were bankrupted?
50,000
What were common issues with the SA? (3 points)
- Don’t have police/army’s support
- Too violent, taking power by force
- Don’t gain respectable people’s votes for Nazis
How did the Wall street crash create an opportunity for the Nazis?
The Nazis’ propaganda wouldn’t fall on deaf ears now because there was an atmosphere of depression in Germany and the Nazis provided the scapegoats and solutions to get back to the prosperous Germany.
From 1928 to 1933 how did the KPD vote increase?
3.2 million to 5.9 million
When was Muller’s Grand Coalition?
1928-1930
Who did his Grand Coalition include?
SPD, ZP, DDP and DVP (majority of socialists)
By how much did exports fall between 1929 and 1932?
55%
When was the Young Plan?
1929 (approved 1930)
What were the three main points of the Young Plan?
- Germany would pay less money but over a long period with a set timescale
- Responsibility for paying the reparations was passed to Germany
- The French agreed to evacuate the Rhineland by June 1930 (5 yrs early)
What was the date until which Germany would have to pay the reparations?
1988
How many marks would they have to pay a year and compared to the agreement of the Dawes Plan?
2,000 million marks a year rather than 2,500 million (but payments were to increase gradually)
What was the National Opposition? What did they believe?
The name of the group involved in the Anti-Young Plan and they believed that they shouldn’t have to pay the reparations because the Treaty of Versailles was unjust
Who led the National Opposition?
Alfred Hugenberg (recently appointed leader of the DNVP)
Who else joined against the Young Plan?
Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party
How many signatures were gained on a petition demanding a referendum?
4 million
What was the result of this national referendum in December 1929?
The National Opposition only won 5.8 million votes out of the 21 million required
How did supporting the National Opposition benefit Hitler and the NSDAP?
- The party membership grew
- Nazism gained a national standing and respect
- It brought Hugenberg’s media with it
- Nazi rally at Nuremburg had great propaganda success
What was the figure of NSDAP membership by the end of 1929?
130,000
Why did Muller’s coalition collapse?
It could not deal with the strain of the crash of 1929; the government was split, with the socialists wanting to increase welfare contributions for the unemployed, whereas the DVP wanted to cut benefits - a majority could no longer be maintained
When did the Grand Coalition collapse?
1930
Who replaced Muller?
Heinrich Bruning