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History- Kaiser to Fuhrer > Genocide 1939-1945 > Flashcards

Genocide 1939-1945 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the German word which translates as ‘annihilation’ used by Hitler in a speech?

A

Vernichtung

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2
Q

How many Jews came into contact with the Nazis when they invaded Poland?

A

3 million

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3
Q

Where were the first ghettos created?

A

Krakow, Warsaw and Lublin

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4
Q

What happened in September 1939 to the Jews?

A

A curfew was put on them - later they confiscated all radios

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5
Q

What were Jewish ration books stamped with in 1940?

A

a capital J - stopped them claiming restricted goods e.g. leather

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6
Q

What was a significant method to marginalise the Jews from September 1941?

A

All Jews had to wear the star of David

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7
Q

When did German Jews lose their German citizenship?

A

April 1943

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8
Q

Who ordered the deportation of Jews out of the parts of Poland that were incorporated with the Reich?

A

Himmler

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9
Q

When was the order for deportation given?

A

October 1939

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10
Q

In January 1940 what were the Jews used for?

A

Slave Labour

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11
Q

What was the main problem with the Final Solution?

A

Where they could remove the Jews to

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12
Q

Who suggested the French island of Madagascar as the destination for deportation?

A

Richard Heydrich (member of SS)

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13
Q

How many Jews were under German control to be removed?

A

3.25 million

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14
Q

Why is the deportation plan considered to be a plan of annihilation?

A

A small island cannot contain the whole European Jewish population - most people would’ve died in transportation or from starvation

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15
Q

What was the Madagascan plan dependent on?

A

German control of the high seas

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16
Q

What did the invasion of USSR in June 1941 increase?

A

the number of Jews under German control

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17
Q

What kind of war did they claim it was against Russia?

A

A racial war

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18
Q

Which group did they allow to exterminate Jews in 1941?

A

SS Einsatzgruppen (their job was to kill Jews)

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19
Q

How many months later had 700,000 Jews been murdered?

A

8 Months

20
Q

Why was this method of extermination reconsidered?

A

It was impractical and very emotionally difficult for men shooting other men for days on end.

21
Q

What policy was the destruction of the Jews a consequence of?

A

Lebensraum

22
Q

Why could the Nazis not deport the Jews East of the Urals?

A

It meant they had to capture the USSR first

23
Q

What was Hitler’s initial idea for the Jews?

A

They could be used as pawns with America in negotiations

24
Q

Why did Hitler’s view on the future of the Jews change?

A

1) In August 1941 Stalin ordered the deportation to Siberia of 600,000 ethnic Germans (lived in Volga for ages)
2) September 1941 Roosevelt ordered the US Navy to shoot any German warships considered threatening on sight

25
Q

How were the Gauleiters involved in the progression to Jewish extermination?

A

They wanted the Jews out of their Gau, so would have them deported to other Gauleiters’ areas

26
Q

Which Nazi official demanded permission to take more radical action against the Jews in his area?

A

Arthur Greisser - the result of the competition among leaders for Hitler’s approval - more extreme solutions sought

27
Q

On which date did Hitler and Himmler meet for lunch and discuss deportations?

A

16 September 1941

28
Q

How does Kershaw describe the importance of this lunch?

A

‘the trigger to a crucial phase in the gradual emergence of a comprehensive programme for Genocide.’

29
Q

How does war contribute to the mass killing of people?

A

1) Nazis come into contact with more Jews in occupied territories
2) Jews were being pushed further East into the hands of murderous SS
3) declaration of war with USA in December brings about the war mentioned in Hitler’s ‘prophetic speech’

30
Q

What does Hitler decree on 18th December 1941 which brings the Final Solution closer?

A

He issues a decree that all Jews should be exterminated as partisans - before this point it was only Russian Jews

31
Q

In October 1941 where did the police chief order the construction of a gas chamber to kill Jews unable to work?

A

in Lublin at a camp as Belzec

32
Q

In December 1941 which new methods were used to kill Jews locally?

A

Car exhausts and gas vans

33
Q

Who published the order that Jews could no longer emigrate from the Reich in 1941?

A

Gestapo chief Muller, but it was Himmler’s order.

34
Q

Which article in Das Reich did Goebbels publish to stir anti-Semitic feelings?

A

‘The Jews are Guilty’

35
Q

When is the Wansee Conference?

A

20th January 1942

36
Q

Who chaired this meeting?

A

Richard Heydrich

37
Q

Within a few hours what had they decided?

A

the extermination of 11 million Jews was to be done by gas chambers and this would be a coordinated approach

38
Q

By spring 1942 which extermination camps were being constructed?

A

Sobibor, Belzec and Treblinka

39
Q

Out of 3 millions Polish Jews how many survived the war?

A

4,000

40
Q

By which year were Jews from all over Europe arriving at the camps?

A

1943

41
Q

How many Jews in total are believed to have been killed?

A

6 million

42
Q

Which company is an example who used slave labour from concentration camps?

A

IG Farben

43
Q

At Auschwitz how many are believed to have been killed?

A

1 million

44
Q

In March 1942 how did Goebbels describe the Final Solution?

A

‘fairly barbaric procedure’

45
Q

What was the title of the directive which Himmler issued in 1938 concerning the gypsies?

A

‘The Struggle against the Gypsy Plague’ (ordering the registration of gypsies)

46
Q

By 1939 what was happening to the gypsies?

A

they were sent to polish work camps and later in the war there were bouts of mass murder

47
Q

How many gypsies are believed to have been systematically exterminated?

A

1/4 and 1/2 million

History- Kaiser to Fuhrer (10 decks)

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