The Visual System

Question 1

Light travels through which part of the eye thus reflecting onto the retina?

Answer 1

The lens

Question 2

The retina is comprised of which two types of photoreceptors?

Answer 2

Rods; cones

Question 3

Rod-mediated vision is referred to as:

Answer 3

Scotopic vision

Question 4

Cone-mediated vision is referred to as:

Answer 4

Photopic vision

Question 5

Rod-mediated vision has ___ acuity than cone-mediated vision:

Answer 5

Poorer

Question 6

Which type of photoreceptor is necessary for vision at night time?

Answer 6

Rods

Question 7

Which type of photoreceptor is necessary for high-illumination?

Answer 7

Cones

Question 8

Rods are able to distinguish between different colours. True or false?

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Our peripheral vision at night tends to be better than our direct vision. This is because our fovea is packed with ___, but contains very few ____:

Answer 9

Cones; rods

Question 10

Which part of the eye tends to reflect information onto opposite hemispheres?

Answer 10

The optic nerve

Question 11

ipRGC stands for:

Answer 11

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Question 12

Which type of cell is involved in maintaining our circadian rhythm?

Answer 12

ipRGC

Question 13

____ transmission occurs when a(n) ____ potential travels down the nerve terminal, causing the release of _____ which then binds to specific ____:

Answer 13

Synaptic; action; neurotransmitters; receptors

Question 14

Hyperpolarisation is ___ likely to occur than depolarisation:

Answer 14

Less

Question 15

IPSP is responsible for which two phenomena?

Answer 15

Simultaneous contrast; mach bands

Question 16

Strong contrast resulting in the high activation of neurons in surrounding regions is referred to as:

Answer 16

Lateral inhibition

Question 17

Lateral inhibition, the spinning dancer/Mona Lisa illusions and colour afterimage are all examples of:

Answer 17

Opponent processes

Question 18

According to the electromagnetic spectrum, a ____ frequency is dangerous to the human visual system, whereas a ____ frequency tends to be safer:

Answer 18

High; low

Question 19

UV rays, x-rays and gamma rays are all examples of ___ frequency radiation, which is dangerous to human vision:

Answer 19

High

Question 20

Name 3 examples of items that project a low frequency of radiation in accordance with the electromagnetic spectrum:

Answer 20

Microwaves, TVs, radios

Question 21

Humans have a _____ view, whereas mammals such as cats and dogs have a ____ view:

Answer 21

Trichromatic; dichromatic

Question 22

What 3 cones give humans a trichromatic view?

Answer 22

Red-light; blue-light; green-light

Question 23

Males are more likely to be affected by colour blindness than women. True or false?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Any self-regulating process whereby organisms maintain stability while adjusting to suitable survival conditions is known as:

Answer 24

Homeostasis

Question 25

According to the opponent process theory, how we perceive colour occurs as a result of:

Answer 25

Opposing receptor complexes

Question 26

One opponent process theory, the approach-avoidance theory, involves the human motivation to pursue ____ and avoid ___:

Answer 26

Reward; harm

Question 27

Most retinal fibres in the human eye are likely to terminate in which part of the thalamus?

Answer 27

The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

Question 28

In which part of the visual system is the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) found?

Answer 28

The thalamus

Question 29

The crossing over of retinal fibres occurs at the:

Answer 29

Optic chiasm

Question 30

The mapping of the visual world onto the retina is referred to as:

Answer 30

Retinotopic organisation

Question 31

V1, Striate cortex and Brodmann’s area 17 are nicknames for which part of the visual system?

Answer 31

The primary visual cortex

Question 32

_____ cells in the V1 may be monocular or binocular, whereas ____ cells are nearly all binocular:

Answer 32

Simple; complex

Question 33

Both simple cells and complex cells are orientation selective. True or false?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

____ organisation helps reduce brain volume by reducing ____ volume, thus resulting in a reduction of axon ____ and allowing room for more _____:

Answer 34

Topographic; axon; length; neurons