Cognitive Control

Question 1

Which general area of the brain is involved with cognitive control?

Answer 1

Prefrontal cortex

Question 2

Phineas Gage acquired lesions to which region of the prefrontal cortex as a result of a workplace incident?

Answer 2

Ventromedial PFC

Question 3

Working memory is a key component of cognitive control. Which cognitive task may be used to assess WM deficits resulting from prefrontal lesions?

Answer 3

Delayed non-match to sample task

Question 4

If someone is completing the Tower of London task, which part of the prefrontal cortex is activated?

Answer 4

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 5

The ability to reduce or suppress habitual responses is known as:

Answer 5

Inhibitory control

Question 6

In case studies looking at patients with left frontal glioma and olfactory meningioma removals, which aspect of their behaviour was NOT cognitively impaired?

Answer 6

Professional obligations

Question 7

The ability to forgo temptations in favour of more beneficial, albeit delayed, rewards is called:

Answer 7

Self-control

Question 8

According to self-control principles, effortful training is ____, avoidance strategies are ____ and effortless strategies are _____: (promising, harmful, beneficial)

Answer 8

Beneficial; harmful, promising

Question 9

Trail-making tests may be used to test which cognitive component?

Answer 9

Set-shifting

Question 10

Increased thickness in which part of the prefrontal cortex is associated with higher scores in a set-shifting task?

Answer 10

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 11

____ reasoning is based on exact interpretations, whereas ____ reasoning is based on non-related concepts/experiences:

Answer 11

Concrete; abstract

Question 12

Raven’s Progressive Matrices is a test of which type of reasoning?

Answer 12

Abstract

Question 13

Increased activation in the PFC means an increase in what type of reasoning?

Answer 13

Abstract

Question 14

According to Murphy et al. (2013), people with left-lateral frontal cortex damage could not use ____ reasoning:

Answer 14

Abstract

Question 15

In Shallice & Burgess’ (1991) multiple errands study, what were healthy controls able to do that people with PFC lesions were not?

Answer 15

Organise behaviour

Question 16

In Reverberi’s (2005) problem solving task, it was shown that people with PFC damage did ___ on hard tasks but significantly ____ on atypical tasks: (worse, better)

Answer 16

Worse; better

Question 17

Despite findings from Reverberi’s (2005) problem solving task, other evidence shows that people with PFC damage are no more creative than healthy controls. True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

The frontal lobe, parietal lobe, thalamus and superior colliculi are all involved in which cognitive component?

Answer 18

Attention

Question 19

Balint syndrome is caused by legions to the bilateral region of which lobe of the brain?

Answer 19

Parietal

Question 20

Visuospatial neglect can be caused by lesions to which lobe of the brain?

Answer 20

Parietal

Question 21

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and Mischel’s Marshmallow test tests for function in which lobe?

Answer 21

Frontal

Question 22

What might a person with frontal lobe damage NOT be able to do when taking the Wisconsin Card Sorting task?

Answer 22

Change behaviour/adapt to new rules

Question 23

Developmental changes in the PFC cause an increase in which function of the brain?

Answer 23

Cognitive control