Representation of Complex Images

Question 1

“IT” in the IT cortex stands for:

Answer 1

Inferotemporal

Question 2

Neuron firing in the monkey IT cortex is ____ when looking at the profile view of a face as opposed to other orientations:

Answer 2

Higher

Question 3

Quiroga et al. (2005) found that neurons in the human IT cortex tend to respond to the faces of specific individuals, such as Jennifer Aniston. True or false?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Quiroga et al. (2005), neurons that only responded to images or concepts involving Jennifer Aniston were called:

Answer 4

Jennifer Aniston cells

Question 5

According to Quiroga et al. (2005) neurons that only responded to images or concepts involving Halle Berry were called:

Answer 5

Halle Berry cells

Question 6

The encoding of a representation so that it can be identified regardless of certain characteristics is known as:

Answer 6

Invariance

Question 7

Cells that responded to Halle Berry in the Quiroga et al. (2005) study only responded to photos of her face, rather than words or concepts involving Halle Berry. True or false?

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Because of invariance, images can be _____, rotated, resized and _____ and cells will still respond.

Answer 8

Translated; illuminated

Question 9

Cells can also be _____ discriminating:

Answer 9

Architecturally

Question 10

Cells are able to recognise famous architecture such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa or the Eiffel Tower, not just faces. True or false?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Cells are more likely to respond to ____ people, people we have just ____, ourselves and our _____:

Answer 11

Famous; seen; family

Question 12

It is suggested that cell firing could also be a(n) _____ response; for instance, cells could fire if a person has a particularly strong feeling towards Jennifer Aniston:

Answer 12

Emotional

Question 13

According to the ____ ____ theory, “grandmother” or gnostic cells only fire when they recognise a specific person (such as one’s grandmother):

Answer 13

Local coding

Question 14

According to the local coding theory, cells than only recognise particular individuals are known as what?

Answer 14

Grandmother cells

Question 15

One problem with the local coding theory is that the brain would require a huge number of gnostic units in order to represent everything. True or false?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

“Grandmother” cells are strong and robust. True or false?

Answer 16

False

Question 17

According to the ___ ____ theory, representation is distributed across a number of different cells rather than a single one:

Answer 17

Dense encoding

Question 18

According to the dense encoding theory, there may be ____ between images, but different _____:

Answer 18

Overlap; patterns

Question 19

Dense encoding allows the visual system to do what 3 things?

Answer 19

Generalisation, pattern completion & pattern separation

Question 20

In local coding, some cells are active in context A but not context B, whereas in dense encoding, cells can be active in context A, B and both A & B. True or false?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What visual event is also known as ensemble, population or distributed encoding?

Answer 21

Dense encoding

Question 22

_____ occurs when the brain sees ambiguous information and completes a picture of it; for example, when we see headlights on a car, we tend to see a face:

Answer 22

Pareidolia

Question 23

______ is more difficult if cells are “local”:

Answer 23

Generalisation

Question 24

Which two visual events require access to representations of similar stimuli