Representation of Complex Images Flashcards
“IT” in the IT cortex stands for:
Inferotemporal
Neuron firing in the monkey IT cortex is ____ when looking at the profile view of a face as opposed to other orientations:
Higher
Quiroga et al. (2005) found that neurons in the human IT cortex tend to respond to the faces of specific individuals, such as Jennifer Aniston. True or false?
True
According to Quiroga et al. (2005), neurons that only responded to images or concepts involving Jennifer Aniston were called:
Jennifer Aniston cells
According to Quiroga et al. (2005) neurons that only responded to images or concepts involving Halle Berry were called:
Halle Berry cells
The encoding of a representation so that it can be identified regardless of certain characteristics is known as:
Invariance
Cells that responded to Halle Berry in the Quiroga et al. (2005) study only responded to photos of her face, rather than words or concepts involving Halle Berry. True or false?
False
Because of invariance, images can be _____, rotated, resized and _____ and cells will still respond.
Translated; illuminated
Cells can also be _____ discriminating:
Architecturally
Cells are able to recognise famous architecture such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa or the Eiffel Tower, not just faces. True or false?
True
Cells are more likely to respond to ____ people, people we have just ____, ourselves and our _____:
Famous; seen; family
It is suggested that cell firing could also be a(n) _____ response; for instance, cells could fire if a person has a particularly strong feeling towards Jennifer Aniston:
Emotional
According to the ____ ____ theory, “grandmother” or gnostic cells only fire when they recognise a specific person (such as one’s grandmother):
Local coding
According to the local coding theory, cells than only recognise particular individuals are known as what?
Grandmother cells
One problem with the local coding theory is that the brain would require a huge number of gnostic units in order to represent everything. True or false?
True
“Grandmother” cells are strong and robust. True or false?
False
According to the ___ ____ theory, representation is distributed across a number of different cells rather than a single one:
Dense encoding
According to the dense encoding theory, there may be ____ between images, but different _____:
Overlap; patterns
Dense encoding allows the visual system to do what 3 things?
Generalisation, pattern completion & pattern separation
In local coding, some cells are active in context A but not context B, whereas in dense encoding, cells can be active in context A, B and both A & B. True or false?
True
What visual event is also known as ensemble, population or distributed encoding?
Dense encoding
_____ occurs when the brain sees ambiguous information and completes a picture of it; for example, when we see headlights on a car, we tend to see a face:
Pareidolia
______ is more difficult if cells are “local”:
Generalisation
Which two visual events require access to representations of similar stimuli
