Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

WSET RECAP MARGHA > The Vine and Growing Environment > Flashcards

The Vine and Growing Environment Flashcards

1
Q

benefits of grafting

A
  1. american rootstock protects against phylloxera
  2. rootstocks are resistant to nematodes, drought and alkaline soils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is head grafting and why is it used

A

head grafting = vine’s head cut off the trunk and the cutting of a new variety is grafted on the trunk
why = switch out varieties instead of uprooting and replanting and anti-phylloxera
produces the fruit after 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is cross-fertilization and why is it useful

A

when one takes the pollen from the male part of the flower of a vine and fertilizes the female flower of a different vine and create a new grape variety.
why =
1. create a disease resistant variety
2. adopt new grape to climate extremes/drought
3. increase quality/yields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain grafting and its goal

A

procedure used to fuse bud wood of a desired variety onto another rootstock. goal = phylloxera resistant vine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 different ways of propagating a vine

A
  • layering
  • cutting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is layering

A

when the vine’s 1yo cane is bent into the ground and partially buried with the tip of the cane poking out. buried part grows roots.
–> done in the vineyard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is cutting

A

when a section of a shoot is cut off from an existing vine and planted to grow a brand new plant
–> done in the nursery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is clonal selection

A

when a vine naturally mutates and its new positive characteristics are propagated by cutting/layering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

places in the world that are free of phylloxera

A

Chile, South Australia, Argentina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

crossing of Cab Sauvignon

A

Cabernet Franc X Sauvignon Blanc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Crossing of Muller Thurgau

A

Riesling x Madeleine Royale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Crossing of Pinotage

A

Pinot Noir x Cinsault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

difference between crossings and hybrids

A

crossings: new varieties by crossing parents of the same species
hybrids: at least 2 different vine species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 main parts of a vine

A
  • roots
  • permanent wood
  • 1 yo wood
  • green parts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the importance of a vine’s leaves

A

via photosynthesis they use sunshine to convert water and CO2 in glucose and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is earthing up

A

when there are very low temperatures, it is important to cover the graft of the vine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are continentality and diurnal range

A

variation between summer and winter in temperature and day-night time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do cool nights provide to the grapes

A

slow loss of aromas
high acidity during ripening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do warm nights provide to the grapes

A

accelerate ripening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

characteristics of the mediterranean climate and where

A
  • low temp difference between hot&cold months
  • summer warm & dry
  • in South Rhône, South France, Greece, Italy and Spain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

characteristics of the maritime climate and where

A
  • cool moderate temp
  • low annual difference between hot and cold months
  • rainfall evenly spread
  • Bordeaux, Nantais, Portugal and NZ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

characteristics of the continental climate and where

A
  • big difference in temp between hot and cold months
  • short summers with large temp drop in autumn
  • Burgundy, Alsace, Northern Rhône, Germany, Austria, Canada
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the 5 elements that a vine needs

A
  1. heat
  2. sunlight
  3. CO2
  4. water
  5. nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is powdery mildew

A
  • in hot/shady/humid environments
  • grey/white powdery coating
  • solution: sulfur based spray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is downy mildew
- in warm/wet/humid environments - yellow spots on the upper side of the leaf and furry grey patches on the underside. - solution: copper based spray (=bordeaux mixture)
26
what are the 2 main types of vine training
1. head training 2. cordon training
27
describe cordon training and how is it pruned
trunk with usually 1-2 permanent arms/cordons - usually spur-pruned - easier to harvest mechanically
28
define pruning and when are vines pruned
remove unwanted leaves and permanent wood - winter and summer
29
purposes of summer pruning
1. control canopy 2. force sugar production in the grape 3. give the grapes favourable sun exposure via leaf stripping
30
what is spur pruning
short sections of 1yo wood that have been cut down to only 2-3 buds. - distributed along the permanent wood or around the top of the trunk
31
what is replacement cane pruning
only 1-2 canes are retained and each cane is tied horizontally to the trellis for support - guyot training
32
describe head training and how is it pruned
usually just a trunk (not a lot of permanent wood) - spur pruned or replacement cane pruned - bush vines --> head trained, spur pruned - guyot vines --> head trained --> cane pruned
33
what are the functions of a vine's roots
1. absorb water + nutrients 2. anchor the vine 3. store carbs over winter to keep plant alive
34
what are the reproductive organs of a vine
flowers
35
what is inflorescence
cluster of flowers
36
purposes of winter pruning
- choose the number + location of buds that will form shoots in the growing season - ensure buds are not too close to eachother
37
3 reasons to use a trellising system instead of bush vines
1. control amount of sunlight 2. improve air circulation 3. improve mechanical harvesting and distribution of sprays
38
2 examples of head trained vines
- guyot - bush
39
synonim of a bush vine
"Gobelet" --> untrellised
40
what is the most widely used trellising system
VSP --> vertical shoot positioning
41
describe VSP and why
shoots are positioned in an upwards direction attached to trellis wires --> narrow canopy - allows good air circulation and grapes are exposed to direct sunlight
42
what pruning can VSP be used with
- cane - spur
43
for viticulture it is more desirable a fertile or barely fertile soil
barely fertile --> stressed vines make good wine
44
what does yield measure
quantity of grapes produced in weight or volume
45
what is veraison
onset of ripening and when grapes change colour
46
what happens to grapes during berry ripening
1. sugar increases 2. acid decreases 3. tannins develop and become less astringent
47
what are nematodes and what damage do they cause
worms that attack a vine's roots --> leave open wounds that interfere with water and nutrient uptake
48
what are the treatments or cures for bacterial diseases
NONE --> only solution is uprooting and sanitize land
49
top three most important nutrients for vines
1. nitrogen 2. phosphorus 3. potassium
50
what is chlorosis
nutrient deficiency in the soil that affects the vine's ability to photosynthesize
51
when does budburst happen in each hemisphere
1. north hemisphere: march- april 2. southern hemisphere: sept-october
52
during what months does flowering occur in north/south hemisphere
north: may/june south: november/december
53
what is the optimal weather during flowering
warm temp, plenty of sunshine and little/no rain
54
frost is most dangerous in which phase of the vine's annual cycle
during budburst.
55
what is couloure
when a flower doesn't turn into a berry
56
what is millerandage
poor or irregular fruit set due to cold, rainy conditions during pollination
57
what effect can drought have on a vine
water stress
58
3 most important irrigation systems
1. drip irrigation 2. sprinklers 3. flood irrigation
59
which soil has the highest water retention
clay
60
how many years after planting a new vineyard wines will produce a usable crop
3rd year after planting
61
list a vine's annual cycle
1. budburst 2. first shoot/leaf growth 3. flowering 4. fruit set 5. véraison 6. ripening 7. harvest 8. dormancy
62
what is the effect of the gulf stream in europe
adds a warming effect to the climates of north and west europe
63
what is the cold ocean current that affects south africa
Benguela current
64
name the cold ocean current that affects chile
humboldt current
65
two things that can reduce diurnal range
- proximity to body of water - cloud cover
66
how does cloud cover affect a vineyard
- slow flowering and fruit set - stop grapes from fully ripen
67
what temp can vines be damaged/killed by a deep winter freeze
-20°C
68
4 protections against frost
1. heaters 2. fans 3. sprinklers 4. vineyard design
69
growing season months in north/south hem
north: april-october south: october-april
70
cool climate temperature
16.5°C and below
71
moderate climate temperatue
16.5°C-18.5°C
72
warm climate temperature
18.5°C-21°C
73
hot climate temperature
21°C+
74
what do vines use to fuel growth and ripen grapes
- glucose - nutrients from the soil
75

WSET RECAP MARGHA (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions