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WSET RECAP MARGHA > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 climatic zones in Spain

A

moderate maritime
warm mediterranean
hot continental

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2
Q

what are the main climatic challenges that affect viticulture and their effects

A

hot weather and drought
effects = water stress, slower ripening and grapes can shrivel before maturity

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3
Q

what is a viticultural benefit of the lack of rainfall in Spain

A

fungal disease pressure is low

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4
Q

what is the hierarchy od quality in spain:

A

highest to lowest:
1. Vinos de Pago
2. DOCa/DOQ
3. DO
4. Vino de la Tierra

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5
Q

What is Vinos de Pago

A

Vinos de Pagos is a category reserved for prestigious single estates whose work exceeds basic DO requirements. These estates can only use their own grapes which must be grown, vinified and aged on their estate.

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6
Q

what is the most planted red grape in spain

A

Tempranillo

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7
Q

what is the most planted white grape

A

Airén

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8
Q

what is the typical vine training in Priorat and what is the geography like

A

bush trained
most vineyards on steep slopes

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9
Q

what international grape varieties grow successfully in Spain

A

Cab Sauvignon
Merlot
Sauv Blanc
Chardonnay

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10
Q

traditionally what type of oak is used in Spain

A

american oak

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11
Q

which white grape varieties are known to make HIGH QUALITY dry wines in spain

A

Viura in Rioja
Verdejo in Rueda
Albariño in Rìas Baixas

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12
Q

what are the 6 geographical regions of Spain

A

Upper Ebro
Catalunya
Duero Valley
North West
The Levante
Castilla La Mancha

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13
Q

where is Rias Baixas DO and what is the climate

A

northwest of Spain
moderate, damp climate

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14
Q

what style of wine and grape is Rias Baixas DO best known for

A

still dry unoaked white wines based on Albariño

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15
Q

is Albariño resistant to fungal disease

A

yes, thanks to the thick skin

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16
Q

how is Albariño typically trained in Rias Baixas

A

pergola system –> lower the humidity

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17
Q

what white grape variety is planted in Rias Baixas that’s also planted in Vinho Verde

A

Albariño

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18
Q

Albariño from Rias Baixas: aged in oak or stainless steel

A

usually stainless steel

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19
Q

What are the 2 DOCas of Spain

A

Rioja DOCa and Priorat DOCa

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20
Q

name all 3 subzones of Rioja DOCa

A

Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa
Rioja Oriental

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21
Q

What are the climate influences of Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa

A

elevation and atlantic ocean breezes

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22
Q

what is the elevation range for vineyards in Rioja

A

500-800mt

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23
Q

which one of Rioja’s three subregions is on the south bank of the Ebro and is less Maritime than the other two?

A

Rioja Oriental

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24
Q

Specifics of Rioja Oriental

A

annual rainfall is low
Garnacha grows best here and is the main grape

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25
Q

how many white grape varieties are approved for use in white Rioja

A

9

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26
Q

what is the main white grape of Rioja DOCa

A

Viura

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27
Q

what is the other name for Viura in Spain, and in which region

A

Macabeo, in Catalunya

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28
Q

what is the min aging requirement for white and rosado Crianza

A

min 18 months, including 6 months in oak

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29
Q

what is the min aging requirement for white and rosado Reserva

A

min 24 months, including 6 months in oak

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30
Q

what is the min aging requirement for white and rosado Gran Reserva

A

min 48 months, including 6 months in oak

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31
Q

which grapes are traditionally blended with Tempranillo in Rioja

A

Garnacha –> adds body and alcohol
Graciano –> adds black fruits and tannins + acidity
Cariñena –> adds tannins and acidity

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32
Q

where is Graciano mainly grown in Spain

A

Rioja DOCa

33
Q

what is the range of styles Tempranillo can be made into

A
  • Joven/Generico –> punchy fruit, no oak, no aging, occasional semi-carbonic maceration to soften tannins and texture
  • Crianza –> light oak and fresh with primary fruits
  • Reserva and Gran Reserva –> highly complex. long maturation and controlled oxidation.
34
Q

Crianza reds (not Rioja or Duero) must be aged for how long

A

24 months, including 6 months oak

35
Q

Reserva reds (not Rioja or Duero) must be aged for how long

A

36 months, including 12 months oak

36
Q

Gran Reserva reds (not Rioja or Duero) must be aged for how long

A

60 months, including 18 months oak

37
Q

besides Rioja, what other wine region produces HQ Tempranillo

A

Ribera del Duero DO

38
Q

where is ribera del duero, any ocean influence and where are the vines planted

A

northern edge of the Meseta
no maritime influence
vines at high altitudes

39
Q

what styles of wine are allowed to be produced in Ribera del Duero

A

red, white and rosé

40
Q

Name the 3 most important DOs of Duero Valley

A

Ribera del Duero DO
Toro DO
Rueda DO

41
Q

what styles of wine are produced under the Toro DO

A

rich concentrated reds based on Tempranillo.

42
Q

what grape is blended into Toro Joven reds

A

Garnacha

43
Q

what is the main grape in Rueda DO

A

Verdejo

44
Q

what is Verdejo blended with in Rueda DO

A

Sauv Blanc

45
Q

where is Navarra DO located

A

northeast of Rioja, between Rioja and Pyrenees

46
Q

Navarra vs Rioja climate

A

Navarra is cooler and wetter than Rioja

47
Q

Navarra:
base for reds, white and rosé grapes

A

reds: Tempranillo
Rosés: Garnacha
Whites: Viura, Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc

48
Q

what is the general flavour profile for Garnacha in spain

A

bright red fruit, high alcohol and moderate acidity

49
Q

which DOs are best known for their Garnacha

A

Priorat and Navarra

50
Q

what type of climate to Cariñena and Calatayud have and what is the principal grape

A

warm continental climate
Garnacha

51
Q

in which appellations does Carignan perform best in Spain

A

Priorat
Rioja

52
Q

where is Catalunya

A

northeast corner of Spain

53
Q

name 2 chief DOs in Catalunya producing still wine

A

Penedès DO
Priorat DOCa

54
Q

name all 3 local white varieties of Catalunya

A

Parellada
Xarel-lo
Macabeo

55
Q

what is the name of Priorat’s unique soil

A

Llicorella, low fertile soil, good water retention

56
Q

where is Priorat DOCa located in Spain

A

in Catalunya

57
Q

name the 2 main red grapes that go into Priorat

A

Carignan and Garnacha

58
Q

why do Garnacha and Cariñena do so well in Priorat

A

because it has long, hot, dry summers and both are late ripeners

59
Q

what is the traditional style of red Priorat

A

Deeply colored, rich, textural, highly complex wines that are full bodied with high alcohol, high tannins, concentrated black fruits that are age-worthy. Most have French oak influence.

60
Q

are white and rosé allowed under the Priorat DOCa

A

yes, but uncommon

61
Q

where is the Penedès DO in Spain

A

Catalunya, south of Barcelona

62
Q

what are the 3 climatic zones of Penedès DO

A

coastal plain
slightly inland
in the hillswh

63
Q

why is Monastrell particularly well suited to a warm mediterranean climate

A

thick skin + needs hot sunny climate to ripen. well adapts to drought

64
Q

where in SPain does Monastrell grow best

A

in Jumilla DO and Yecla DO

65
Q

Valencia is known for what style of wine

A

cheap everyday wines from Monastrell + international

Moscatel de Valencia, sweet fortified wine made from Muscat of Alexandria

66
Q

what is the local white grape of Valencia DO

A

Merseguera

67
Q

what is the largest DO in size in Spain and what is the most planted grape

A

La Mancha DO
Airén

68
Q

what is the local name of Tempranillo in La Mancha DO

A

Cencibel

69
Q

which international grape varieties are finding success in La Mancha DO

A

Cab Sauv
Merlot
Syrah
Chardonnay
Sauv Blanc

70
Q

where is Valdepeñas DO located

A

south of La Mancha DO

71
Q

Valdepeñas vs La Mancha: higher quality?

A

Valdepeñas

72
Q

what appellation is situated between Galicia and the Meseta central

A

Bierzo DO

73
Q

what is the primary grape variety of Bierzo DO

A

Mencia (red)

74
Q

the majority of Vinos de Pago are located in which spanish DO

A

La Mancha DO

75
Q

red Riojas that are made for early consumption undergo

A

semi-carbonic maceration

76
Q

red Riojas that are meant to age undergo

A

american oak

77
Q

traditional white riojas are

A

gold in color, matured in oak, nutty

78
Q

which region in Spain is designated for the production of Vino de la Tierra

A

Castilla y Leon

79
Q
A

WSET RECAP MARGHA (24 decks)

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