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Origym level 2 > The Vertebrae > Flashcards

The Vertebrae Flashcards

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1
Q

The vertebral column consists of how many bones?

A

33 vertebrae in total (24 vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)

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2
Q

What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

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3
Q

What is C1-C7

A

the cervical vertebrae

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4
Q

is C1 known as the atlas or the axis?

A

atlas

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5
Q

Is the C2 known at the atlas or the axis?

A

Axis

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6
Q

the space between the body and the arch is known as what?

A

vertebral foramen

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7
Q

what is formed when the body and the arch of 2 vertebrae meet?

A

foramen

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8
Q

C7 is known as what?

A

the vertabra prominent/prominens

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9
Q

_____ is a apeture for the transmission of the spinal nerves?

A

a foramen

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10
Q

which of the neck’s vertebrae does not have an anterior body and posterior arch?

A

C1

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11
Q

The thoracic vertebrae are which number?

A

8th- 19th (T1-12)

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12
Q

each thoracic vertebra consists of ____ and _____

A

anterior body and a posterior vertebral arch

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13
Q

true or false? the thoracic disc like body is weight bearing?

A

true

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14
Q

the upper/lower surfaces of the thoracic vertebra give attachment to what?

A

intervertebral discs

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15
Q

a vertebral arch consists of what 2 things??

A

a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae

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16
Q

the lumbar vertebra hold which numbers in the spine?

A

20th-24th (L1-L5)

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17
Q

ody and arch of two vertebra articulate, a foramen is formed for the transmission of the spinal nerves. The transverse processes articulate with the tubercles of the vertebrosternal ribs and false ribs…. except which 2 ribs?`

A

T11 and T12

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18
Q

each lumbar vertebra consists of ____ and _____

A

a heavy anterior body and a posterior vertebral arch

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19
Q

True or false: the disc like body of the lumbar vertebra is weight-bearing?

A

true

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20
Q

true or false: the long, slender transverse processes are situated in front of the articular processes instead of behind them? (lumbar)

A

true

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21
Q

what forms the mammillary process?

A

the superior tubercle of the transverse process is connected with the superior articular process

22
Q

(lumbar) the inferior tubercle at the base of the transverse process is called what?

A

the accessory process

23
Q

the cauda equina begins at what lumar vertebra? (important)

A

at or near

L3

24
Q

what number of vertebra does the sacral vertebra have?

A

(S1-S5) 25th-29th

25
Q

which part of the vertebra is fused?

A

the sacrum

26
Q

where is the sacrum located?

A

between the hip bones

27
Q

the vertebral canal runs throughout the greater part of what bone?

A

the sacrum

28
Q

True or false: the female sacrum is shorter and wider?

A

true—– and directed more obliquely backwards increasing the pelvic cavity size

29
Q

(sacrum) the upper half of the lateral canal is covered in what>

A

cartilage covered articulation for the iliuna

30
Q

(sacrum) the vertebral canal forms a passage for what?

A

the sacral nerves

31
Q

the coccyc bone is in what position?

A

terminal position

32
Q

the coccyx is which number of bones?

A

30th to 33rd (fused)

33
Q

true or false: the last 3 coccyx bones diminish in size?

A

true, the last piece is often just a nodule of bone

34
Q

What type of posture is described as ideal?

A

neutral spine

35
Q

the spine is made of how many curves?

A

4 (2 concave, 2 convex)

36
Q

Describe neutral spine:

A

ideal position with minimal stress on the vertebrae and its ligaments

37
Q

What are the three main types of postural abnormality? (deviation)

A

kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

38
Q

define kyphosis:

A

excessive convex curvature of spine, occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions (rounded shoulders)

39
Q

define lordosis:

A

excessive inward curve of the lower back (can occur at the cervical spine)

40
Q

define scoliosis:

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (a sideways curve which is s-shaped or c-shaped)

41
Q

How does pregnancy effect posture?

A

it can enhance the curvature of the spine, shifting the centre of gravity backwards

42
Q

what is muscle inbalance?

A

refers to a condition where opposing muscles are out of balance with one another in terms of strenght/tension/ or length

43
Q

when muscles are imbalanced, the muscles are what?

A

one group is tighter and shorter and the other is elongated and lax

44
Q

muscle that is short is chronically what?

A

tensed

45
Q

tense muscles can develop knots called what?

A

trigger points

46
Q

what can trigger points cause?

A

localised/referred pain and weaker muscle

47
Q

what can muscle imbalance interfere with?

A

posture

48
Q

what causes anterior pelvic shift?

A

muscle connected to the lumbar is tight and pulls spine forward

49
Q

what causes muscle imbalance?

A

repetitive activity, poor exercise habits, repetitive movements at work

50
Q

what is the process of the brain allowing an engaging muscle to tense up without resistance?

A

reciprocal inhibiition

51
Q
A

Origym level 2 (8 decks)

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