The Vertebrae Flashcards
The vertebral column consists of how many bones?
33 vertebrae in total (24 vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
What is C1-C7
the cervical vertebrae
is C1 known as the atlas or the axis?
atlas
Is the C2 known at the atlas or the axis?
Axis
the space between the body and the arch is known as what?
vertebral foramen
what is formed when the body and the arch of 2 vertebrae meet?
foramen
C7 is known as what?
the vertabra prominent/prominens
_____ is a apeture for the transmission of the spinal nerves?
a foramen
which of the neck’s vertebrae does not have an anterior body and posterior arch?
C1
The thoracic vertebrae are which number?
8th- 19th (T1-12)
each thoracic vertebra consists of ____ and _____
anterior body and a posterior vertebral arch
true or false? the thoracic disc like body is weight bearing?
true
the upper/lower surfaces of the thoracic vertebra give attachment to what?
intervertebral discs
a vertebral arch consists of what 2 things??
a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae
the lumbar vertebra hold which numbers in the spine?
20th-24th (L1-L5)
ody and arch of two vertebra articulate, a foramen is formed for the transmission of the spinal nerves. The transverse processes articulate with the tubercles of the vertebrosternal ribs and false ribs…. except which 2 ribs?`
T11 and T12
each lumbar vertebra consists of ____ and _____
a heavy anterior body and a posterior vertebral arch
True or false: the disc like body of the lumbar vertebra is weight-bearing?
true
true or false: the long, slender transverse processes are situated in front of the articular processes instead of behind them? (lumbar)
true
what forms the mammillary process?
the superior tubercle of the transverse process is connected with the superior articular process
(lumbar) the inferior tubercle at the base of the transverse process is called what?
the accessory process
the cauda equina begins at what lumar vertebra? (important)
at or near
L3
what number of vertebra does the sacral vertebra have?
(S1-S5) 25th-29th
which part of the vertebra is fused?
the sacrum
where is the sacrum located?
between the hip bones
the vertebral canal runs throughout the greater part of what bone?
the sacrum
True or false: the female sacrum is shorter and wider?
true—– and directed more obliquely backwards increasing the pelvic cavity size
(sacrum) the upper half of the lateral canal is covered in what>
cartilage covered articulation for the iliuna
(sacrum) the vertebral canal forms a passage for what?
the sacral nerves
the coccyc bone is in what position?
terminal position
the coccyx is which number of bones?
30th to 33rd (fused)
true or false: the last 3 coccyx bones diminish in size?
true, the last piece is often just a nodule of bone
What type of posture is described as ideal?
neutral spine
the spine is made of how many curves?
4 (2 concave, 2 convex)
Describe neutral spine:
ideal position with minimal stress on the vertebrae and its ligaments
What are the three main types of postural abnormality? (deviation)
kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis
define kyphosis:
excessive convex curvature of spine, occurs in the thoracic and sacral regions (rounded shoulders)
define lordosis:
excessive inward curve of the lower back (can occur at the cervical spine)
define scoliosis:
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (a sideways curve which is s-shaped or c-shaped)
How does pregnancy effect posture?
it can enhance the curvature of the spine, shifting the centre of gravity backwards
what is muscle inbalance?
refers to a condition where opposing muscles are out of balance with one another in terms of strenght/tension/ or length
when muscles are imbalanced, the muscles are what?
one group is tighter and shorter and the other is elongated and lax
muscle that is short is chronically what?
tensed
tense muscles can develop knots called what?
trigger points
what can trigger points cause?
localised/referred pain and weaker muscle
what can muscle imbalance interfere with?
posture
what causes anterior pelvic shift?
muscle connected to the lumbar is tight and pulls spine forward
what causes muscle imbalance?
repetitive activity, poor exercise habits, repetitive movements at work
what is the process of the brain allowing an engaging muscle to tense up without resistance?
reciprocal inhibiition
