Joints Flashcards
What is the location at which bones connect?
a joint
What is the purpose of a joint?
to allow movement
how many types of joint are there?
3
name 1 type of joint
fibrous (or cartilaginous, synovial)
______ joints are immoveable and interlocking
fibrous
________ joints are slightly moveable
cartilagious
____ joints are freely movable and are the most common type in the body
synovial
name an example of a synovial joint
the patella-femoral (knee)
name a cartilaginous joint
the manubriosternal
name a fibrous joint
the cranium (skull bones)
What is the articular capsule
it is fibrous and continuous with the periosteum
in _____ joints that share common borders are covered with articular cartilage?
synovial joints
The articular capsule consists of how many layers?
2 layers
explain one of the articular capsule layers
the outer layer is a fibrous membrane that may contain ligaments
explain the inner later of the articular capsule
the inner synovial membrane that secrets the lubricating, shock absorbing, joint nourishing synovial fluid
What are the bones of the synovial joint covered in?
a layer of hyaline cartilage (smooth slippery surface)
the articular capsule is made of what 2 layers?
fibrous layer and synovial menbrane
what does the joint cavity contain
synovial fluid
how many types of synovial joints are there
6
name a synovial joint
gliding and plane/hinge/pivot/saddle/ball and joint/condyloid and ellipsiod
how many common characteristics do synovial joints have?
4
True or false: ends of bones are covered in hyaline cartilage?
true
True or false: synovial capsules are not covered in a fibrous capsule?
false… they ARE covered in a fibrous capsule
true or false: synovial joints are enclosed by ligaments for stability?
this is TRUE! strength is gained from these ligaments
true or false: synovial joint capsules are not lined by a synovia membrane that secretes synovial fluid for lubrication?
false! this smooth slippy surface is key to reducing friction. It absorbs shock and is nourishing for the joints
Is the tarsal joint a gliding joint or a hinge joint?
gliding
is the carpal joint a gliding joint or a pivot joint?
gliding
is the tibiofemoral joint a gliding joint or a hinge joint?
it is a hinge joint (knee - tibia and femur)
is the atlanto-axial joint a pivot joint or a hinge joint?
pivot joint (c1 - c2) (neck)
give an example of a ball and socket joint
hip
give an example of a hinge joint
knee
give an example of a saddle joint
thumb
give an example of a ellipsoid joint
knuckles
what is the function of the gliding joint
allow two bones to slide past each other
is the atlas-axis joint a pivot joint or a saddle joint?
it is a pivot joint (allows rotation around an axis). It is the neck
the acromioclavicular joint is what?
gliding
_____ refers to the movement where the angle between two bones decreases. Flexion or extension?
flexion
____ refers to movement where the angle between two bones increases. Flexion or extension?
extension
___ Refers to movement where the angle between two bones decreases and on the horizontal plane.
Horizontal Flexion
______ Refers to movement where the angle between two bones increases and occurs on the horizontal plane.
Horizontal Extension
_____ flexion refers to movement of the spine laterally away from the midline of the body. This can be seen when we bend to one side. Refers to movement of the spine laterally away from the midline of the body. Lateral extension refers to the increased angle at the spine. This can be seen when we bend to one side.
lateral
Explain abduction
Movement of a body segment away from the midline of the body
Explain adduction
Movement of a body segment toward the midline of the body
_____ is a movement where the joint is the pivot and the body segment moves in a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.
Circumduction
What is the forward movement of the scapula that results in the hunching of the shoulders?
protraction
what is the backward movement of the scapula as they pull together to ‘square’ the shoulders and push the chest out?
retraction
what refers to the raising of the scapula to a more superior level (shrugging the shoulders)? Elevation or depression?
elevation
what refers to the scapula moving to a more inferior position as they are pulled downwards?
depression
Supination refers to the movement of what two possible parts of the body?
hand and foot
A hand supination is a movement so the palm of the hand faces upward or forward (anteriorly). True or false?
true
A hand supination is a movement so the palm of the hand faces down or forward (anteriorly). True or false?
False, the hand must face upwards
foot ____
is a combination of inversion, plantar flexion and adduction of the foot occurring at the same time. Supination or pronation?
supination
____ supination is the combination of inversion, plantar flexion and adduction of the foot occurring at the same time
foot
hand ____ movement so the palm of the hand faces downwards or backwards (posteriorly)
pronation
foot _____ combination of eversion, dorsiflexion and abduction of the foot occurring at the same
pronation
plantar flexion is what?
moving the top of the foot away from the shin or ‘pointing’ the toes
dorsiflexion is what?
moving the top of the foot towards the shin or ‘raising’ the toes
Moving the top of the foot away from the shin or ‘pointing’ the toes is A) plantar flexion or B) dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
moving the top of the foot toward the shin or ‘raising’ the toes is A) plantar flexion or B) dorsiflexion
dorsiflexion
____ is the movement of the foot to bring the sole of the foot to face upwards. Eversion or inversion
eversion
____ is the movement of the foot to bring the sole of the foot to face inward? Inversion or eversion
inversion
what two types of rotation are there?
lateral and medial
rotation refers to what?
a pivoting or ‘twisting’ movement
____ rotation is the movement of a body segment where the front (anterior) of the segment rotates medially (inwards) towards the midline of the body. Is it lateral or medial?
medial
______ rotation is the movement of a body segment where the front (anterior) of the segment rotates laterally (outwards) away from the midline of the body? Is it medial or lateral?
lateral
