The Nervous System Flashcards
What are the three roles of the nervous system?
input, output, analysis
Define input in the nervous system
array of sensory nerves spread through the body gathering info (such as temp, co2 levels, stomach distension, wight being lighted/incline of walk)
Define output in the nervous system
after gathering/processing info, response and output is initiated e.g. increase breathing because of raised co2 levels, sweat to reduce body temp
define analysis in the body’s nervous system
information gathered by sensors around body are interpreted and analysed so that the appropriate response can be generated. Some responses are voluntary, many more are automatic or involuntary and are known as reflexes.
What is the 2 main part of the nervous system?
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
What are the 3 main parts of the brain?
the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brainstem
What does the left side of the brain control?
the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body… linked to logic (science, maths)
What does the right side of the brain control?
controls the left side of the body… linked to creativity and the arts
What makes up the central nervous system?
the brain (cerebelluim, cerebrum), the spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
all nerves outside of the central nervous system
What does the PNS do?
the PNS transmits info to and from the CNS
Motor neurons exit the ____ of the spinal cord
the anterior (front)
Sensory nerves attach to the ____ of the spinal cord and flow towards the CNS and really info
posterior (back)
What are the 2 nervous systems that make up the human nervous system?
the parasympathetic nerves
the sympathetic nerves
what makes up the structure of a neuron ?
a cell body, the axon, dendrites, the myelin sheath, neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters do what 2 functions
transmitting the action potential across the synaptic cleft and therefore having a stimulatory /slowing effect
preventing the transmission of the action potential having an inhibitory effect
What are motor neurons made of?
made of bundles of muscle fibres
how many muscle fibres are there in a motor unit
between 10-1000 and the neurons that supply them
True or false: All the muscle fibres innervated by the motor neuron will either work together at the same time or not at all?
True… this is also known as the “all or nothing” law
True or false: . lifting a heavy weight, a large number of motor units will work together. If, however, a smaller amount of force is needed, fewer motor units will be innervated?
True
True or false: If a muscular task takes an extended period of time, motor units are recruited sequentially or, in other words, one after another?
True
for example… walking could have almost never-ending sequential recruitment
The Relative Proportion of Total Motor Units Involved in Training Exercises
isolated supplementary lifts (arm curls, triceps, extensions) 5-20%
seated row, lat pull down, military press, incline press, bench press 25-40%
good morning, reverse hyper, Romanian deadlift, squat, deadlift 45-75%
power clean, clean, snatch, clean and jerk 80-100%
plyometric jumps (explosive, elastic), explosive medicine ball throws, maximal sprints 75-100%
True or false: exercise causes acute and chronic changes?
true
what are the acute changes linked with exercise
vasodilation of blood vessels/capillaries
blood diverted away from non-essential organs to working muscles
increased temperature
reduced nervous inhibition
what are the chronic changes associated with exercise
exercise frequency, duration, volume, intensity, modality
is improved balance and coordination linked to resistance training?
yes
true or false: Increased strength due to hypertrophy is linked to resistance training?
true
LONG TERM ADAPTATIONS TO RESISTANCE TRAINING INCLUDE:
The increased cross-sectional size of muscles (hypertrophy). •
Improved balance and coordination. • Increased strength due to hypertrophy. •
Increased strength due to decreased nervous inhibition. •
Increased glycolytic activity allowing more high-intensity work to be performed.
• Increased size of glycogen stores.
LONG TERM ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE INCLUDE:
An increase in the size and number of energy-producing mitochondria.
An increase in capillarization surrounding muscle fibres and at the alveoli.
An increase in aerobic enzyme activity stored glycogen and triglycerides in the muscle fibres.
