The Nervous System

Question 1

What are the three roles of the nervous system?

Answer 1

input, output, analysis

Question 2

Define input in the nervous system

Answer 2

array of sensory nerves spread through the body gathering info (such as temp, co2 levels, stomach distension, wight being lighted/incline of walk)

Question 3

Define output in the nervous system

Answer 3

after gathering/processing info, response and output is initiated e.g. increase breathing because of raised co2 levels, sweat to reduce body temp

Question 4

define analysis in the body’s nervous system

Answer 4

information gathered by sensors around body are interpreted and analysed so that the appropriate response can be generated. Some responses are voluntary, many more are automatic or involuntary and are known as reflexes.

Question 5

What is the 2 main part of the nervous system?

Answer 5

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 6

What are the 3 main parts of the brain?

Answer 6

the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brainstem

Question 7

What does the left side of the brain control?

Answer 7

the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body… linked to logic (science, maths)

Question 8

What does the right side of the brain control?

Answer 8

controls the left side of the body… linked to creativity and the arts

Question 9

What makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 9

the brain (cerebelluim, cerebrum), the spinal cord

Question 10

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 10

all nerves outside of the central nervous system

Question 11

What does the PNS do?

Answer 11

the PNS transmits info to and from the CNS

Question 12

Motor neurons exit the ____ of the spinal cord

Answer 12

the anterior (front)

Question 13

Sensory nerves attach to the ____ of the spinal cord and flow towards the CNS and really info

Answer 13

posterior (back)

Question 14

What are the 2 nervous systems that make up the human nervous system?

Answer 14

the parasympathetic nerves

the sympathetic nerves

Question 15

what makes up the structure of a neuron ?

Answer 15

a cell body, the axon, dendrites, the myelin sheath, neurotransmitters

Question 16

Neurotransmitters do what 2 functions

Answer 16

transmitting the action potential across the synaptic cleft and therefore having a stimulatory /slowing effect

preventing the transmission of the action potential having an inhibitory effect

Question 17

What are motor neurons made of?

Answer 17

made of bundles of muscle fibres

Question 18

how many muscle fibres are there in a motor unit

Answer 18

between 10-1000 and the neurons that supply them

Question 19

True or false: All the muscle fibres innervated by the motor neuron will either work together at the same time or not at all?

Answer 19

True… this is also known as the “all or nothing” law

Question 20

True or false: . lifting a heavy weight, a large number of motor units will work together. If, however, a smaller amount of force is needed, fewer motor units will be innervated?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false: If a muscular task takes an extended period of time, motor units are recruited sequentially or, in other words, one after another?

Answer 21

True

for example… walking could have almost never-ending sequential recruitment

Question 22

The Relative Proportion of Total Motor Units Involved in Training Exercises

Answer 22

isolated supplementary lifts (arm curls, triceps, extensions) 5-20%

seated row, lat pull down, military press, incline press, bench press 25-40%

good morning, reverse hyper, Romanian deadlift, squat, deadlift 45-75%

power clean, clean, snatch, clean and jerk 80-100%

plyometric jumps (explosive, elastic), explosive medicine ball throws, maximal sprints 75-100%

Question 23

True or false: exercise causes acute and chronic changes?

Answer 23

true

Question 24

what are the acute changes linked with exercise

Answer 24

vasodilation of blood vessels/capillaries

blood diverted away from non-essential organs to working muscles

increased temperature

reduced nervous inhibition

Question 25

what are the chronic changes associated with exercise

Answer 25

exercise frequency, duration, volume, intensity, modality

Question 26

is improved balance and coordination linked to resistance training?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

true or false: Increased strength due to hypertrophy is linked to resistance training?

Answer 27

true

Question 28

LONG TERM ADAPTATIONS TO RESISTANCE TRAINING INCLUDE:

Answer 28

The increased cross-sectional size of muscles (hypertrophy). •

Improved balance and coordination. • Increased strength due to hypertrophy. •

Increased strength due to decreased nervous inhibition. •

Increased glycolytic activity allowing more high-intensity work to be performed.

• Increased size of glycogen stores.

Question 29

LONG TERM ADAPTATIONS TO AEROBIC EXERCISE INCLUDE:

Answer 29

An increase in the size and number of energy-producing mitochondria.

An increase in capillarization surrounding muscle fibres and at the alveoli.

An increase in aerobic enzyme activity stored glycogen and triglycerides in the muscle fibres.