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Origym level 2 > Skeleton System > Flashcards

Skeleton System Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 parts can the skeletal system be divided into?

A

Axial

Appendicular

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2
Q

Which skeletal system is the skull part of?

A

Axial

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3
Q

Which skeletal system does the sternum belong to?

A

Axial

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4
Q

Name all the axial skeleton bones

A

Skull, spine, ribs, sternum

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5
Q

Does the shoulder girdle belong to the appendicular or axial skeletal system?

A

Appendicular

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6
Q

Which skeletal system does the pelvic girdle belong to?

A

Appendicular

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7
Q

Name the appendicular skeleton bones

A

shoulder girdle, upper limbs, lower limbs, pelvic girdle

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8
Q

The lower and upper limbs belong to which skeletal system?

A

Appendicular

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9
Q

The hand has how many types of phalanges?

A

3

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10
Q

Name the three phalanges of the hand

A

distal, intermediate, proximal

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11
Q

Metacarpals belong to the hand or foot

A

hand

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12
Q

the foot has how many phalanges

A

3

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13
Q

metatarsals and tarsals belong to the hand or foot

A

foot

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14
Q

What is a middle phalange?

A

the bone between the distal and proximal bones ON THE FOOT

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15
Q

what is the difference between an intermediate phalange and a middle phalange

A

middle is foot, intermediate is hand

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16
Q

Which skeletal system is this?

A

Axial

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17
Q

What skeletal system is this?

A

appendicular

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18
Q

The ilium bones are in what classification?

A

the pelvis (appendicular)

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19
Q

What is the ischium bone?

A

the lower (inferior) rear of the pelvis - 2 bones

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20
Q

How many carpal bones are there in the hand?

A

16 bones (2 rows of 4 bones that form the wrist)

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21
Q

How many phalange bones are in the hand?

A

28

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22
Q

how many metacarpal bones are in the hand?

A

10 (palm of the hand)

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23
Q

How many tarsals in the foot?

A

14 (bones of ankle)

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24
Q

howe many metatarsal bones are there?

A

10 (bones of the foot)

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25
Q

how many phalange bones are there in the foot?

A

28 (bones in toes)

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26
Q

How many bones are there in the hand?

A

54

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27
Q

Name the three typers of bones in the arm

A

humerus, radius, ulna

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28
Q

Which location is the femur bone found?

A

the leg

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29
Q

what is the scapula bone?

A

located in the shoulder

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30
Q

the larger and inner (medial) bone of the lower leg is called what? Tibia or Fibia?

A

Tibia

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31
Q

THe human skeleton contains roughly how many bones?

A

206

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32
Q

what is bone made of?

A

a calcified connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton

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33
Q

_____ bones are longer than they are wide

A

long

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34
Q

_____ bones are as long as they are wide

A

short bones

35
Q

_____ bones are thin and cancellous sandwiched between 2 layers of compact bone

A

flat

36
Q

____ bones are many different shapes and cannot be classified

A

irregular

37
Q

___ bones are seed-like and located within tendons

A

seamold

38
Q

Give 2 examples of a long bone

A

Humerus, radius

39
Q

give 2 examples of a long bone

A

ulna, phalanges

40
Q

give 2 examples of a short bone

A

carpals, tarsals

41
Q

give 2 examples of a flat bone

A

cranium, sternum

42
Q

give an example of an irregular bone

A

vertebrae

43
Q

give an example of a sesamold bone

A

patella

44
Q

Name 2 flat bones

A

costal bones (ribs), scapulae

45
Q

the femur and fibular are what type of bone?

A

long bone

46
Q

the carpals and tarsals are what type of bone?

A

short bone

47
Q

what is the sesamoid bone?

A

patella

48
Q

name an irregular bone

A

pelvic bones

49
Q

Describe epiphysis

A

the bone ends which are mainly compromised of cancellous bone

50
Q

Which section of the long bone stores red bone marrow?

A

the epiphysis

51
Q

What is the diaphysis

A

the shaft portion of a long bone

52
Q

is the diaphysis cancellous or compact bone

A

it is made predominantly of compact bone

53
Q

_____ are the part of the region connecting the diaphysis and the epiphysis

A

epiphyseal line (plates)

54
Q

What cells are arranged like columns of coins?

A

cartilaginous

55
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

the ends of the articulating bones are covered with articular or hyaline cartilage

56
Q

what is articular cartilage made of

A

a hard, white, shiny tissue which helps reduce friction

57
Q

What are compact bones composed of?

A

lamellae

58
Q

What type of bone tissue is the hard outer structure of the skeleton?

A

the compact bone (cortical bone)

59
Q

What bone is supplied with oxygen and nutrients through a blood supply?

A

compact bones

60
Q

What is the difference between cortical and cancellous bone?

A

cortical bone is hard and heavy (dense). Cancellous bone is spongy, less dense, and softer of the two types

61
Q

How does compact bone receive its blood supply?

A

through structures called Haversian or osteons

62
Q

Which type of bone tissue is highly vascularized and porous?

A

Cancellous (spongy bone)

63
Q

Which type of bone tissue is where bloods cells are created?

A

Cancellous bone

64
Q

What is periosteum? (long bone)

A

tough fiberous membrane which coats the bone

65
Q

name 2 things that are contained in the periosteum

A

blood vessels, nerves

66
Q

what provides the point of attachment for tendons? Periosteum or the endosteum

A

periosteum

67
Q

what is the medullary cavity?

A

the space within the centre of the diaphysis

68
Q

what does the medullary cavity contain?

A

contains fatty yellow marrow

69
Q

Whhat contains 2 layers? The periosteum or the endosteum ?

A

the periosteum

70
Q

What is the name of bone forming cells?

A

osteoblasts

71
Q

what are bone destroying cells?

A

osteoclasts

72
Q

what are osteocytes?

A

osteoblasts that have matured into bone cells

73
Q

what is ossification?

A

the constant activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is the process in which new bones are formed

74
Q

What compound must be present for ossification to take place?

A

calcium

75
Q

What aids the process of ossification?

A

blood aids by depositing minerals and salts into the bone via osteoblasts

76
Q

Ossification is complete between what age range?

A

18 to 30

77
Q

Lengthening of the bone is achieved by what?

A

the expansion of epiphyseal plates at each end of the disaphysis

78
Q

what three things does bone consist of?

A

water, protein, mineral salts

79
Q

Name 3 osteoporosis risk factors

A

lack of exercise, low body fat, overtraining

80
Q

what is osteoporisis?

A

osteoblast activity decreases causing a drop in bone growth which leads to a gradua loss in bone density

81
Q

Bone development is influenced by which 4 factors?

A

nutrition, hormonal excretions, exposure to sunlight, physical exercise

82
Q

What helps bone development?

A

calcium and vitamin D

83
Q

What classification are bones found within tendons? Sesamoid, flat, irregular?

A

Sesamoid bones (triangle-shaped bones)

84
Q
A

Origym level 2 (8 decks)

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