Skeleton System Flashcards
What 2 parts can the skeletal system be divided into?
Axial
Appendicular
Which skeletal system is the skull part of?
Axial
Which skeletal system does the sternum belong to?
Axial
Name all the axial skeleton bones
Skull, spine, ribs, sternum
Does the shoulder girdle belong to the appendicular or axial skeletal system?
Appendicular
Which skeletal system does the pelvic girdle belong to?
Appendicular
Name the appendicular skeleton bones
shoulder girdle, upper limbs, lower limbs, pelvic girdle
The lower and upper limbs belong to which skeletal system?
Appendicular
The hand has how many types of phalanges?
3
Name the three phalanges of the hand
distal, intermediate, proximal
Metacarpals belong to the hand or foot
hand
the foot has how many phalanges
3
metatarsals and tarsals belong to the hand or foot
foot
What is a middle phalange?
the bone between the distal and proximal bones ON THE FOOT
what is the difference between an intermediate phalange and a middle phalange
middle is foot, intermediate is hand
Which skeletal system is this?
Axial
What skeletal system is this?
appendicular
The ilium bones are in what classification?
the pelvis (appendicular)
What is the ischium bone?
the lower (inferior) rear of the pelvis - 2 bones
How many carpal bones are there in the hand?
16 bones (2 rows of 4 bones that form the wrist)
How many phalange bones are in the hand?
28
how many metacarpal bones are in the hand?
10 (palm of the hand)
How many tarsals in the foot?
14 (bones of ankle)
howe many metatarsal bones are there?
10 (bones of the foot)
how many phalange bones are there in the foot?
28 (bones in toes)
How many bones are there in the hand?
54
Name the three typers of bones in the arm
humerus, radius, ulna
Which location is the femur bone found?
the leg
what is the scapula bone?
located in the shoulder
the larger and inner (medial) bone of the lower leg is called what? Tibia or Fibia?
Tibia
THe human skeleton contains roughly how many bones?
206
what is bone made of?
a calcified connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton
_____ bones are longer than they are wide
long
_____ bones are as long as they are wide
short bones
_____ bones are thin and cancellous sandwiched between 2 layers of compact bone
flat
____ bones are many different shapes and cannot be classified
irregular
___ bones are seed-like and located within tendons
seamold
Give 2 examples of a long bone
Humerus, radius
give 2 examples of a long bone
ulna, phalanges
give 2 examples of a short bone
carpals, tarsals
give 2 examples of a flat bone
cranium, sternum
give an example of an irregular bone
vertebrae
give an example of a sesamold bone
patella
Name 2 flat bones
costal bones (ribs), scapulae
the femur and fibular are what type of bone?
long bone
the carpals and tarsals are what type of bone?
short bone
what is the sesamoid bone?
patella
name an irregular bone
pelvic bones
Describe epiphysis
the bone ends which are mainly compromised of cancellous bone
Which section of the long bone stores red bone marrow?
the epiphysis
What is the diaphysis
the shaft portion of a long bone
is the diaphysis cancellous or compact bone
it is made predominantly of compact bone
_____ are the part of the region connecting the diaphysis and the epiphysis
epiphyseal line (plates)
What cells are arranged like columns of coins?
cartilaginous
What is articular cartilage?
the ends of the articulating bones are covered with articular or hyaline cartilage
what is articular cartilage made of
a hard, white, shiny tissue which helps reduce friction
What are compact bones composed of?
lamellae
What type of bone tissue is the hard outer structure of the skeleton?
the compact bone (cortical bone)
What bone is supplied with oxygen and nutrients through a blood supply?
compact bones
What is the difference between cortical and cancellous bone?
cortical bone is hard and heavy (dense). Cancellous bone is spongy, less dense, and softer of the two types
How does compact bone receive its blood supply?
through structures called Haversian or osteons
Which type of bone tissue is highly vascularized and porous?
Cancellous (spongy bone)
Which type of bone tissue is where bloods cells are created?
Cancellous bone
What is periosteum? (long bone)
tough fiberous membrane which coats the bone
name 2 things that are contained in the periosteum
blood vessels, nerves
what provides the point of attachment for tendons? Periosteum or the endosteum
periosteum
what is the medullary cavity?
the space within the centre of the diaphysis
what does the medullary cavity contain?
contains fatty yellow marrow
Whhat contains 2 layers? The periosteum or the endosteum ?
the periosteum
What is the name of bone forming cells?
osteoblasts
what are bone destroying cells?
osteoclasts
what are osteocytes?
osteoblasts that have matured into bone cells
what is ossification?
the constant activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is the process in which new bones are formed
What compound must be present for ossification to take place?
calcium
What aids the process of ossification?
blood aids by depositing minerals and salts into the bone via osteoblasts
Ossification is complete between what age range?
18 to 30
Lengthening of the bone is achieved by what?
the expansion of epiphyseal plates at each end of the disaphysis
what three things does bone consist of?
water, protein, mineral salts
Name 3 osteoporosis risk factors
lack of exercise, low body fat, overtraining
what is osteoporisis?
osteoblast activity decreases causing a drop in bone growth which leads to a gradua loss in bone density
Bone development is influenced by which 4 factors?
nutrition, hormonal excretions, exposure to sunlight, physical exercise
What helps bone development?
calcium and vitamin D
What classification are bones found within tendons? Sesamoid, flat, irregular?
Sesamoid bones (triangle-shaped bones)
