The Vascular System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two types of circulation?
A
- Pulmonary: Deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated to the heart
- Systemic: Oxygenated blood to the whole body and deoxygenated blood to the heart
2
Q
What are the 4 properties of veins?
A
- Thin muscle tissue
- Low blood pressure
- Valves
- Wide lumen
3
Q
What are the 4 properties of arteries?
A
- Elastic outer layer
- High blood pressure
- Narrow lumen
- Smooth inner layer
4
Q
What are the 3 properties of capillaries?
A
- One cell thick for short diffusion pathway
- Can only fit one red blood cell
- Slower blood flow to allow exchange in nutrients
5
Q
What is the skeletal muscle pump?
A
Muscles changing shape (via contraction and relaxation) to create pressure on veins to push blood
6
Q
What is the respiratory pump?
A
Contractions in muscles caused by breathing (e.g diaphragm) allowing venous return
7
Q
What are pocket valves?
A
Mechanisms in veins that close to prevent backflow
8
Q
What is vascular shunt?
A
The redistribution of blood to the active organs/muscles
9
Q
What is the order of the vascular shunt pathway?
A
- Receptors
- Impulse to Vasomotor control centre in the medulla
- Increased/reduced sympathetic nerve impulses
- For vasoconstriction/vasodilation
10
Q
What is Bohr shift?
A
- An increase in the partial pressure of CO² (decrease in pH) causes oxyhaemoglobin dissociation to increase
- Causes a shift to the right
