The Use of Psychological Knowledge Within Society Flashcards
How has knowledge of prejudice been used in society?
- Jigsaw technique in classrooms - organising classroom so that children are dependent on one another to succeed = superordinate goal
- Equal status contact - studies in America found that desegregated communities had higher regard for those of a different race than segregated - offers ways to reduce prejudice
How has our knowledge of obedience been used in society?
Training in the army to prevent blind obedience due to studies from Milgram and Burger. Less prejudice as clear that the Germans were not different.
What is a weakness of the contributions that our knowledge of prejudice has made?
Getting conflicting groups to spend time together does not always lead to a reduction in prejudice. Desegregation in America initially increased prejudice.
How has our knowledge of memory contributed to society?
- Helped with revision - mnemonics, revising in the exam room, role of rehearsal
- Helped treatment of dyslexia - teachers break down instructions so they don’t overload WM
- Alzheimer’s - cognitive stmulation to help practice memory tasks
- EWT
What is a weakness of the contributions made from cognitive psychology?
As we know EWT is largely unreliable, this could be used by those defending perpretrators to lie as they can use the excuse that they didn’t remember properly and confabulated details
How has biological psychology contributed to society?
- Knowing about drug addiction has allowed the development of treatments to avoid relapse
- Showing that aggression can be due to biological factors has helped those vulnerable take anger management classes
- Can help the cases of murderers pleading NGRI
How has learning psychology contributed to society?
- Token economy used in prisons
- Operant conditioning used for ABA and PRT
- SLT led to the watershed 1964
- Treatments for phobias
- How media influences body image
How has clinical impacted the workplace?
- Sports clubs - exercise known to help the body release endorphines and boost mood.
- Social events - increasing level of verbal communication, prevent someone feeling isolated
- CBT, Bradshaw, Williams - could be offered to reduce absenteeism as a result of MHDs
How has clinical contributed to society regarding schizophrenia?
- Drug treatment - allows people to function
- Care in the community
- The disorder is understood and people aren’t just immidiately institutionalised
- Dopamine hypothesis - demonstrates that it is a physical illness
How has clinical contributed negatively to society in terms of schizophrenia?
- Medication does not work in all cases - only some get treated
- Different types of schizophrenia - likely to be different causes
How has CBT contributed to society?
- Doesn’t cause side effects so people more likely to undergo the treatment
- Not like a pill that you have to remember to take every day to practical
- Helps people cope and live with their symptoms rather than being dependent on a drug
What is a contribution to society?
Something that has helped society function well.
What should a contribution do?
- Bring about change that can benefit people
- Be brought about as a result of psychological research
How had Rosenhan (1973) contributed to society?
Can help us prevent misdiagnosis and work to improve the DSM and ICD
How had our knowledge of daycare contributed to society?
- Li et al (2013) HQ daycare if can only choose 1
- Knowing pros and cons can help decide whether to put child in daycare
- Helped set standards e.g adult:child ratios
- NICHD - nursery type daycare better - can help with choice
