Comparisons Between Ways of Explaining Different Themes

Question 1

What role does the theme “role of groups” place in SIT and RCT?

Answer 1

They both emphasise that in group favouritis and negative out group bias leads to prejudice but RCT focuses more on competition for resources whereas SIT doesn’t

Question 2

How do Agency Theory and Social Impact Theory differ in how they explain the root of obedience?

Answer 2

Agency Theory focuses on different social states a person can be in in any situation whereas SIT looks at the factors that make obedience more or less likely. Both focus on the role of the situation.

Question 3

How are the MSM and WMM similar?

Answer 3

They both look at structure. Both consist of 3 seperate stores. Both supported by experimental evidence like Glanzer and Cunitz (MSM) and Baddeley (WMM), both use artificial tasks so lack validity

Question 4

How do the WMM and MSM differ?

Answer 4

MSM shows a unitary STM whereas WMM has many ST stores that process different information, dual task performance can be explained by WMM but not MSM

Question 5

How are MSM and Reconstructive Memory similar?

Answer 5

Both are supported by experimental evidence like Glanzer and Cuntiz (MSM) and Loftus and Palmer (RM). Both use artificial tasks and environments meaning they both have a lack of validity

Question 6

How do Reconstructive Memory and MSM differ?

Answer 6

• MSM structural whereas RM looks at function i.e how stored knowledge affects perception
• Focus of RM is interpretation rather than coding

Question 7

How do WMM and RM differ?

Answer 7

• WMM is structural whereas RM functional

- RM looks at interpretation, WMM looks at coding

Question 8

How are WMM and RM similar?

Answer 8

• Supported by experimental evidence like Baddeley and Loftus and Palmer
• Artificial tasks and artificial environments

Question 9

How are MSM and Tulving similar?

Answer 9

Both acknowledge the type of processes involved in the transfer and manipulation of info, both supported by experimental evidence

Question 10

How do MSM and Tulving differ?

Answer 10

• MSM shows unitary LTM

- Tulving shows different LTM stores

Question 11

How do WMM and Tulving differ?

Answer 11

• WMM - STM

- Tulving - LTM

Question 12

How are WMM and Tulving similar?

Answer 12

• Both consist of seperate stores
• Supporting evidence
• Lack mundane realism and ecological validity

Question 13

How do RM and Tulving differ?

Answer 13

RM focuses on interpretation as opposed to coding

Question 14

How are RM and Tulving similar?

Answer 14

Tulving suggested our memories are easily changed whcih Bartlett also believed as he thought memories weren’t like a tape recording

Question 15

What role does nature/nurture play in biological, psychodynamic and learning?

Answer 15

• Biological = nature
• Psychodynamic = nurture
• Learning = nurture

Question 16

Do learning, psychodynamic and biological put forward physical theories or abstract?

Answer 16

• Biological - physical - brain, hormones, NTs
• Psychodynamic - ID, ego, superego all abstract
• Learning - can physically seen behaviour learnt

Question 17

Are biological, learning and psychodynamic theories credible?

Answer 17

• Biological uses experimental evidence which is trustworthy. Uses animals making it less credible
• Psychodynamic theory of personality believable but comes from case studies so not credible
• Learning uses experimental evidence and is believable e.g role models

Question 18

Are biological, learning and psychodynamic theories falsifiable?

Answer 18

• Biological - yes
• Psychodynamic - no
• Learning - yes

Question 19

Are biological, learning and psychodynamic objective or subjective?

Answer 19

• Biological - objective
• Psychodynamic - subjective
• Learning - objective

Question 20

How are the DSM and ICD different?

Answer 20

• ICD produced by the WHO whereas DSM by APA
• DSM I published 1952, ICD 1948
• ICD global, multi lingual classification whereas DSM American
• ICD free on the internet DSM is not.
• DSM covers MHDs only ICD covers general health

Question 21

How do Ainsworth and Bowlby compare regarding attachment?

Answer 21

• Ainsworth nurture, Bowlby both
• Both focus on role of mother
• Ainsworth tested using observations, Bowlby used animal studies like Lorenz and Harlow
• Both say attachment is universal

Question 22

How do the EMB and TOM explanations for autism compare?

Answer 22

• Both examine lack of social skills
• EMB looks at how brain develops in womb
• TOM looks at development after birth
• Testosterone responsible for EMB whereas TOM developmental deficit
• EMB explains gender bias