The Urinary System

Question 1

What are the general renal functions of the kidney?

Answer 1

• acid base regulation and balance of water and electrolytes
• excretion of metabolic wastes
• excretion of bioactive substances
• secretion of renin
• secretion of erythropoietin
• conversion of the prehormone vitamin D to the active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
• Gluconeogenesis during starvation

Question 2

___ is the concave medial border of the kidney where nerves enter, the ureter exits, and blood and lymph vessels enter and exit

Answer 2

Renal Hilum

Question 3

___is an initial dilated part enclosing a tuft of capillary loops and the site of blood filtration, always located in the cortex

Answer 3

Renal Corpuscle

Question 4

__is a long convoluted part, located entirely in the cortex, with a shorter straight part that enters the medulla

Answer 4

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 5

___consists of a thick straight part ascending from the loop of Henle back into the cortex and a convoluted part completely in the cortex

Answer 5

Distal Tubule

Question 6

____a short minor part linking the nephron to collecting ducts

Answer 6

Connecting Tubule

Question 7

Blood leaves the glomerular capillaries via__

Answer 7

efferent arterioles

Question 8

The efferent arterioles form a capillary network called___ that are distributed throughout the cortex

Answer 8

Peritubular capillaries

Question 9

Collectively the cortex receives___as much blood as the medulla

Answer 9

10 times

Question 10

What are the three general renal functions?

Answer 10

• Secretion
• Filtration
• Reabsorption

Question 11

___is the name by which water and solutes in the blood leave the vascular space and enter the lumen of the nephron

Answer 11

Filtration

Question 12

___receives the fluid filtered through the capillary wall and the visceral layer inside Bowman’s capsule

Answer 12

Capsular space