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Histology > Chapter 12 Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

___is a specialized connective tissue consisting of cells and fluid extracellular material called plasma

A

Blood

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2
Q

What constitute the formed elements circulating in the plasma?

A

Erythrocytes Leukocytes, and Platelets

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3
Q

_____contains growth factors and other proteins released from platelets during clot formation

A

Serum

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4
Q

___comprise the sedimented material and their volume,

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

44% of total blood volume in healthy adults is called

A

Hematocrit

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6
Q

Straw colored, translucent, slightly viscous supernatant comprising 55% of blood at the top half of a centrifugation tube is___

A

plasma

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7
Q

___is a thin gray-white layer between plasma and hematocrit consisting of leukocytes and platelets, both less dense than erythrocytes

A

Bufffy coat

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8
Q

Name 4 functions of blood

A
  • distribute nutrients. hormones, and metabolites throughout the body
  • heat distribution/regulation of body temperature
  • maintenance of acid-base balance
  • maintenance of osmotic balance
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9
Q

___is the most abundant plasma protein, made in the liver, and serves primarily to maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood

A

ALbumin

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10
Q

Give characteristics of Erythrocytes

A
  • mature RBC’s lack nuclei (lack all organelles)
  • flexible
  • biconcave shape
  • densely filled with hemogllobin
  • rely on anaerobic glycolysis for energy
  • last 120 days
  • produced in bone marrow
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11
Q

What benefits does the biconcave shape of red blood cells offer?

A
  • large surface-to-volume ratio to facilitate gas exchange
  • flexibility allows them to adapt to small diameters and turns of capillaries
  • more foldable
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12
Q

____and___are the two cateogories of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

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13
Q

What are characteristics of granulocytes?

A
  • Azurophilic granules (lysosomes)
  • specific granules (bind acid,basic, or netural stains)
  • polymorphic nuclei
  • nuclei contain lobes
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14
Q

What are characteristics of agranulocytes?

A
  • lack specific granules
  • contain azurophilic granules
  • spherical nucleus
  • non-lobulated nuclei
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15
Q

____causes leukocytes to rapidly accumulate where their defensive actions are specifically needed

A

chemotaxis

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16
Q

___constitue 50-70% of circulating leukocytes

A

mature neutrophils

17
Q

___are usually the first leukocytes to arrive at site of infection

A

Neutrophils

18
Q

Give characteristics of Neutrophils

A

-multilobed
-neutral stain between purple and pink
-granulocyte
major function: to kill and phagocytose bacteria

19
Q

Give characteristics of Eosinophils

A

-bilobed
-stain red/dark pink
-granulocyte
Major function: kill parasites and modulate local inflammation

20
Q

Give characteristic of Basophils

A

-biloobed or s shaped nucleus
-stain dark blue/purple
major function: modulate inflammation and release histamin during allergy

21
Q

Give characteristics of Lymphocytes

A

-spherical nucleus
-agranulocyte
major function: effector and regulatory cells for adaptive immunity

22
Q

Give characteristics of monocytes

A

-indented or C-shaped nucleus
-agranulocyte
major function: precursors of macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytic cells

23
Q

When looking for eosinophils whats the major give away?

A

abundance of large,acidophilic specific granules that stain pink or red

24
Q

_____is the most numerous type of agranulocyte in a normal blood smear

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

___is typically the smallest leukocytes

A

Lymphocytes

26
Q

___ are precursors of osteoclasts,microglia, and other macrophages

A

Monocytes

27
Q

Give characteristics of Platelets

A
  • non-nucleated
  • membrane bound cell fragments
  • formed from bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes pinching off
  • promote blood clotting
  • repair tissue damage
  • short life span of a few days
28
Q

___is the name for when RBC’s are stacked upon themselves

A

Rouleaux

29
Q

Describe what occurs during the degradation and recycling of RBC’s

A
  • old RBC’s get taken up by the spleen and liver
  • Globin gets broken down to amino acids (to make new protein)
  • Heme becomes bilirubin gives crap the brown color

Histology (6 decks)

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