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Histology > Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures of the Digestive Tract?

A

oral cavity -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine -> anus

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2
Q

What are the functions of the Alimentary canal?

A

To obtain molecules necessary for maintenance, growth, and energy from food for the body.

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3
Q

Introduction of food and liquid into the oral cavity

A

Ingestion

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4
Q

Chewing, which divides solid food into digestible pieces

A

Mastication

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5
Q

Muscular movements of materials through the tract

A

Motility

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6
Q

What are the four main layers of the GI Tract

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

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7
Q

__separates the mucosa from submucosa allowing local movements of the mucosa

A

Muscularis Mucosae

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8
Q

How are the muscularis smooth muscles organized in the muscularis externa?

A 
Internal sublayer (closest to lumen) the fiber orientation is generally circular
External Sublayer is longitudinal
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9
Q

Where is the myenteric Nerve Plexus located?

A

Muscularis Externa

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10
Q

Where is the Meisnner Plexus located?

A

Submucosa

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11
Q

The Submucosal and Myenteric nerve plexus constitute the ___

A

Enteric Nervous system

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12
Q

What functions are controlled by the myenteric nerve plexus?

A

contractions of the muscularis, mixing and propelling the luminal contents forward in the alimentary canal

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13
Q

What is the serosa continuous with in the abdominal cavity

A

Mesenteries

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14
Q

____are thin membranes covered by mesothelium on both sides that support the intestines

A

Mesenteries

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15
Q

Mesenteries are continuous with__

A

Peritoneum

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16
Q

___is a serous membrane that lines the cavity and is continuous with mesenteries

A

Peritoneum

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17
Q

When is the fourth outer layer a serosa and when is it an adventitia?

A

Wherever the digestive tract is NOT suspended in a cavity but bound to adjacent structures, like the esophagus, the serosa is replaced by a thick adventitia

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18
Q

What is different beetween the adventitia and the serosa?

A

lacks mesothelium and merges with surrounding tissue

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19
Q

What is the advantage of having keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity?

A

It resist damage from abrasion

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20
Q

Where do we see keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity?

A

In the masticatory mucosa on the gingiva (gums) and hard palate

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21
Q

Where do we see non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity?

A

Predominantly in the lining mucosa; soft palate, cheeks, floor of mouth, and pharynx

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22
Q

What are the three different parts of the lips?

A
  • internal mucous surface
  • red vermillion zone
  • outer surface has thin skin
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23
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

manipulates ingested material during mastication and swallowing

24
Q

The papillary and tonsillar areas of the lingual surface are separated by a V-shaped groove called the___

A

Sulcus Terminalis

25
Q

What are the four types of lingual papillae?

A
  • filiform papillae
  • fungiform papillae
  • foliate papillae
  • vallate (circumvallate) papillae
26
Q

Describe Filiform Papillae

A
  • Very numerous
  • Heavily Keratinized
  • Provide rough surface that facilitates movement of food during chewing
27
Q

Describe Fungiform Papillae

A
  • Less numerous than filiform papillae
  • lightly keratinized
  • interspersed among filiform papillae
  • innervated cores of lamina propria
28
Q

Describe Foliate Papillae

A
  • found on each side of tongue

- rudimentary in humans

29
Q

Describe Vallate Papillae

A
  • LArgest papillae
  • 8-12 of them aligned in front of terminal sulcus
  • salivary glands empty into grooves around them
30
Q

____sample the general chemical composition of ingested material

A

Taste Buds

31
Q

Where are taste buds NOT found?

A

Keratinized filiform papillae

32
Q

What are the 5 broad categories of tastants?

A
  • sour
  • sweet
  • bitter
  • umami
  • salty
33
Q

What produces salt and sour tastes

A

Ion channels

34
Q

What produces umami, bitter, and sweet taste

A

Mediated by G-protein coupled receptors

35
Q

How many teeth are in humans? What is the ammount of each type of tooth in each quadrant

A 
32 permanent teeth 
Each quadrant: 
- two incisors
-one canine
-two premolars
-three permanent molars
36
Q

From top to bottom what are the three parts of the tooth?

A

Crown, Neck, and root

37
Q

Where do roots fit firmly into?

A

The bony sockets in the jaw called DENTAL ALVEOLI

38
Q

The crown of a tooth is covered by___the roots of a tooth are covered by a bone-like tissue called ___

A

enamel; cementum

39
Q

The bulk of a tooth is composed of __

A

dentin

40
Q

____is the hardest component of the human body

A

Enamel

41
Q

The ___transports swallowed material from the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

42
Q

___glands lubricate and protect the mucosa in the esophagus

A

Esophageal glands

43
Q

Near the stomach the mucosa also contains groups of glands, ____ which secrete additional mucus

A

Esophageal Cardiac Glands

44
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the stomach?

A
  • continue carbohydrate digestion started by amylase of saliva
  • add acidic fluid to ingested food and mix its contents into chyme, by churning of muscularis layer
  • begin digestion of triglycerides by secreting lipase
  • to promote initial digestion of proteins with enyme pepsin
45
Q

The ___is the region of the stomach that opens into the small intestine

A

Pylorus

46
Q

___are large longitudinal folds in the stomach that flatten when the stomach fills with food

A

Rugae

47
Q

___cells in the stomach secrete a less alkaline mucous secretion than surface epithelial mucous cells

A

Mucous Neck Cells

48
Q

___cells produce hydrochloric acid

A

Parietal Cells

49
Q

Villi in the small intestine are covered by absorptive cells called ___

A

enterocytes

50
Q

Apical end of each enterocyte displays a prominent ordered region called the __

A

brush border

51
Q

What three things greatly increase the surface area in the small intestine

A

Microvilli (increase 20 fold)
Villi (10-fold)
Plicae Circulares (3-fold)

52
Q

Functions of the large intestine include:

A
  • absorb water and electrolytes

- form indigestible materials into feces

53
Q

___is where feces is stored prior to evacuation

A

Rectum

54
Q

The wall of the colon is puckered into a series of large sacs called ___

A

haustra

55
Q

Fibers in the outter layer of the muscularis in the colon are gathered in three separate longitudinal bands called ___

A

teniae coli

Histology (6 decks)

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